船舶碰撞运动的滞后特性

船舶碰撞过程中,被撞船的刚体运动较之碰撞区的局部损伤变形而言,存在一定程度的滞后效应。本文从理论分析和数值仿真两个方面对该滞后现象进行了研究。研究结果表明：被撞船的运动滞后与撞击速度有重要关系;在高速撞击时,船舶碰撞的内、外部机理计算可相对独立地进行,而不会引起明显的分析误差。     

乘用车谱聚类FCAS/PCW风险等级分类算法研究

从实车道路测试数据库中提取紧急制动事件的减速度曲线,基于模糊谱聚类分析研发了在线风险等级分类的避碰算法(FCAS/PCW),并进行Euro-NCAP 2020测试场景下的仿真测试,结果表明:在前车静止、前车低速行驶、前车紧急制动等场景下,试验车以20~80 km·h-1的速度行驶,运用文中算法均能成功避碰,且制动时机更合理,两车最终相对距离为2~12 m,有效减少了对驾驶员正常驾驶的干扰。     

船撞桥最小二乘支持向量机预测方法

为了提高桥梁与桥区通航船舶的安全性,提出了一种船撞桥概率智能预测方法.以桥墩跨径、水流速度、水流方向与桥墩连线法线方向夹角以及航道弯曲度为系统输入,以单航次船撞桥事故率为系统输出,应用最小二乘支持向量机进行了船撞桥概率估算.结合实际航道,选择了长江和黑龙江上12座桥梁的洪水期、中水期和枯水期3个时段的样本数据进行验算,并与神经网络船撞桥概率估算结果进行对比.对比结果表明:支持向量机方法能准确地预报船撞桥概率,具有全局最优解,并且收敛性和学习效率均优于神经网络.     

流凌演进原型试验方法

在季节性冰冻河流开江过程中,特别是武开江,较大体积的流凌会对堤防、护岸等水工建筑物构成严重威胁,甚至可聚集成冰塞或冰坝,造成水位短时抬高,导致漫滩或决堤,造成人民生命财产的损失。为探究流凌演进规律,有效预防流凌灾害,建立了流凌演进原型试验方法,开展松花江汤原河段流凌演进原型试验研究。通过RTK测量不同模型粒子的运动轨迹和撞击护岸现象,结合当地风速测量数据,探究流场要素、风速以及河道地形对流凌运动的影响;明晰流凌撞击护岸的影响因素以及堤防可能发生破坏的地点和形式。为揭示冰坝、冰塞形成机理提供理论参考,为堤防合理布局和维护提供指导依据。     

Simplified method for quasi-static collision assessment of a damaged tanker side panel

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the energy absorbing mechanisms of intact and damaged small-scale stiffened plate specimens, quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid wedge indenter. The specimens scaled from a tanker side panel are limited by one span between web frames and stringers. The influence of the initial damage on the impact response is based on the plastic behaviour of an intact specimen. The initial damage is provoked at one-quarter from the support by the same indenter that, afterwards, punches the specimen at the mid-span. In practice, initial imperfections of this type could be due to minor incidents during ship service operation, such as collision of ships with floating objects. To validate the proposed simplified method, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted. The experimentally obtained force-displacement responses and shapes of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The analytical method derives expressions to estimate the energy dissipated by the intact and the damaged specimens based on the plastic deformation mechanisms, assuming that both the plate and stiffener structural components absorb the incident energy through the rotation of the plastic hinges at the point of contact and at the supports and the membrane tension over the plastically deforming region between the loading and the supports.     

无人艇智能航路规划系统研究

近年来,随着人工智能等高新技术的发展,无人平台的发展日新月异,以无人水面艇为代表的无人平台受到国内外专家学者越来越多的关注。其中航路规划系统是实现无人艇正常航行和体现无人艇智能化的关键技术之一。目前大多数航路规划算法适用的场景主要为无人艇的自由航行,避碰能力单一,且未充分考虑无人艇自身欠驱动型以及机动能力的限制,很难满足复杂障碍环境下智能避碰的需求。本文设计基于分层规划的航路规划方案,提出多单元模块下的无人艇航路规划策略,并基于无人艇自身特性设计对应的轨迹规划单元。最后在GIS数据上,对所设计的智能航路规划系统进行仿真验证,实验结果验证系统的有效性和实用性。     

An analytical method for predicting the ship side structure response in raked bow collisions

As an increasing number of ships continue to sail in heavy traffic lanes, the possibility of collision between ships has become progressively higher. Therefore, it is of great importance to rapidly and accurately analyse the response and consequences of a ship's side structure subjected to large impact loads, such as collisions from supply vessels or merchant vessels. As the raked bow is a common design that has a high possibility of impacting a ship side structure, this study proposes an analytical method based on plastic mechanism equations for the rapid prediction of the response of a ship's side structure subjected to raked bow collisions. The new method includes deformation mechanisms of the side shell plating and the stiffeners attached. The deformation mechanisms of deck plating, longitudinal girders and transverse frames are also analysed. The resistance and energy dissipation of the side structure are obtained from individual components and then integrated to assess the complete crashworthiness of the side structure of the struck ship. The analytical prediction method is verified by numerical simulation. Three typical collision scenarios are defined in the numerical simulation using the code LS_DYNA, and the results obtained by the proposed analytical method and those of the numerical simulation are compared. The results correspond well, suggesting that the proposed analytical method can improve ship crashworthiness during the design phase.     

Proposed collision warning system for right-turning vehicles at two-way stop-controlled rural intersections

At two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) rural intersections, a right-turning driver who is departing the minor road may select an improper gap and subsequently may be involved in a rear-end collision with another vehicle approaching on the rightmost lane on the major road. This paper provides perceptual framework and algorithm design of a proposed infrastructure-based collision warning system that has the potential to aid unprotected right-turning drivers at TWSC rural intersections. The proposed system utilizes a radar sensor that measures the location, speed, and acceleration of the approaching vehicle on the major road. Based on these measurements, the system’s algorithm determines if there will be any potential conflict between the approaching and the turning vehicles and warns the driver of the latter vehicle if such a conflict is found. The algorithm is based on realistic acceleration profile of the turning vehicle to estimate its acceleration rates at different times so that the system can accurately estimate the time and distance needed for the departing vehicle to accelerate to the same speed as for the approaching vehicle. That realistic acceleration profile is established using actual experimental data collected by a Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger device that was used to record the positions and instantaneous speeds of different right-turning vehicles at 1-s intervals. The algorithm also gives consideration to the time needed by the driver of the departing vehicle to perceive the message displayed by the system and react to it (to start departure) where it was found that 95% of drivers have a perception–reaction time of 1.89 s or less. A methodology is also illustrated to select the maximum measurement errors suggested for the detectors in measuring the locations of the approaching vehicle on the major road where it was found that the accuracy of the system significantly deteriorates if the errors in measuring the distance and the azimuth angle exceed 0.1 m and 0.2°, respectively. An application example is provided to illustrate the algorithm used by the proposed system.     

Modeling chain collisions in vehicular networks with variable penetration rates

The vehicular ad hoc network has great potential in improving traffic safety. One of the most important and interesting issues in the research community is the safety evaluation with limited penetration rates of vehicles equipped with inter-vehicular communications. In this paper, a stochastic model is proposed for analyzing the vehicle chain collisions. It takes into account the influences of different penetration rates, the stochastic nature of inter-vehicular distance distribution, and the different kinematic parameters related to driver and vehicle. The usability and accuracy of this model is tested and proved by comparative experiments with Monte Carlo simulations. The collision outcomes of a platoon in different penetration rates and traffic scenarios are also analyzed based on this model. These results are useful to provide theoretical insights into the safety control of a heterogeneous platoon.     

用LS-DYNA仿真车-桥墩碰撞时角度对桥梁的影响

车撞护栏规范公式表明碰撞角度与撞击力成二次函数关系,运用LS-DYNA对车-桥墩碰撞进行仿真模拟,探讨该规范公式用于车-桥墩碰撞的可行性。结果表明碰撞角度与撞击力成三次函数关系,同时也证实角度与桥梁的位移成一次线性关系,角度越大,横向位移越小,纵向位移越大。