基于蚁群算法求解物流订单派送问题

针对物流信息平台中的订单派送问题,研究了订单派送的单向性和路径最优特性,构建了路径选择模型,对费用最少和时间最短的双目标优化函数进行了分析,将基本蚁群算法进行了改进。通过对局部信息素进行外界人为的干扰,从而影响整个网络选择,使得路径选择全局最优,解决了基本算法在求解最短路径中计算时间长的问题。模拟结果表明,计算速度提高了30%。     

重力式方块码头墙身结构最小宽度计算

针对水工结构设计人员如何快速获得重力式方块码头结构断面尺寸的问题,通过采用线性规划模型建立约束方程,在一定假设条件下编程求解得出墙身结构宽度与高度的最小比例系数,形成计算成果表,设计人员可根据工程实际情况,在计算成果表中对比关键变量数值查询,采用插值等方法得出最小比例系数,从而获得重力式方块码头墙身结构的最小宽度.结果...     

轨道交通车辆品牌造型基因研究

文章引入品牌造型基因的概念,以中车株机公司产品为例,提取轨道交通车辆的品牌造型语义和品牌造型特征,并以此为依据建立品牌造型基因库,提出品牌造型基因库的工业设计表达流程。     

水下机器人结构形式及其发展趋势分析

水下机器人的结构是影响其运动性能的重要因素。按框架式、刚性外壳仿生式、柔性外壳仿生式、球形、滑翔式和链式6类结构,对水下机器人结构形式的发展现状和存在的关键技术问题进行分析。重点分析各类结构的驱动速度、加装载重和运动灵活性,以及在水下环境中的运动性和适应性。研究结果表明,水下机器人的结构形式正朝着高度柔性化、整体与局部结构之间高度变形化和多体结构可分离化的方向发展。     

Identifying Suitable Sites for Macroalgae Cultivation on the Swedish West Coast

Special attention has been paid to sustainable macroalgae cultivation in Europe. The question on where suitable cultivation areas lie, without conflicting with current marine socio-economic activities and respecting the environment, remains a great challenge. Considering 13 criteria critical to seaweed farming such as depth, shipping traffic, and distance to ports, this paper aimed to identify suitable and sustainable offshore areas on the West Coast of Sweden for the cultivation of the Sugar Kelp, Saccharina latissima. An integrated approach with the tools geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was used to aggregate the criteria by means of Boolean and weighted linear combination (WLC) techniques. The Boolean method singled out 544?km² as suitable, whereas the WLC method indicated 475?km² as highly suitable. Both techniques complement each other in finding optimal sites. Furthermore, the integrated models excelled in providing an overview for effective spatial decision-making that fosters sustainable development of macroalgae cultivations within marine and coastal systems.

• Highlights

• To the authors’ knowledge no study on seaweed aquaculture site selection has been conducted using such a range of criteria with the purpose of including sustainability aspects within a comparative GIS-MCDA.

• The large areas identified on the West Coast of Sweden as suitable highlight the potential of this new industry and the complexity of associated marine spatial planning.

• Boolean and weighted linear combination methods were applied and compared, providing valuable insights in the selection of methods for spatial decision-making support. These insights should support a more sustainable development of macroalgae cultivation in the region, as well as a more resilient marine spatial planning process for blue growth strategies.

     

直线电机式悬架电流滞环控制策略研究

本文设计出一种电流滞环控制策略,通过跟踪直线电机式悬架控制系统输出的最优阻尼力转变,得到参考电流,经过空间矢量调制后输出PWM波,输送到电流逆变器中转换为三相电流,进而控制直线电机的作用。经过仿真可以得出电流滞环控制策略控制效果良好,可以输出理想的阻尼力,为电动汽车主动悬架的研究提供基础。     

需求响应的集装箱班列时刻表优化及 Benders分解算法

充分考虑集装箱货物与集装箱班列在时间和数量方面的匹配关系，以集装箱货物送达目的站的总延误最小为目标，构建集装箱班列时刻表优化的线性混合整数规划模型.采 用Benders分解算法将原问题分解为确定集装箱货物与班列匹配方案的主问题，以及优化班列时刻表的子问题，通过求解子问题的对偶模型不断产生主问题的割平面.为克服割平面有效性较低的缺点，设计改进策略，使每次迭代产生多个割平面同时添加至主问题中.最后，通过算例验证模型和算法的有效性.结果表明：改进策略的运用有效提高了算法的计算效率，利用模型及算法得到的班列时刻表与集装箱货物的数量、时间分布之间具有较好的匹配性，制定的班列时刻表很好地响应了用户需求.     

临界饱和状态交通干线协调控制模型

为提升临界饱和状态下干线车流通行效率，提出了一种基于冲击波理论的干线双向信号协调控制方法。首先，建立了考虑车速变化、转向比例、车道变化等因素的干线交通流模型，分析了临界饱和交通干线交通流运行状态与各参数间的关系。第二，构建了以干线双向通过量最大化为优化目标的混合整数线性规划模型，通过优化干线公共周期和各交叉口绿信比以提高干线通行能力。第三，构建了以延误最小化为优化目标的二次规划模型，并提出了相应的求解算法，通过优化相位差和相位方案实现了干线交叉口的信号协调。临界饱和交通干线协调控制模型由通过量最大化模型和延误最小化模型构成，考虑各交叉口间的制约影响关系，有效避免了排队滞留、溢出、交叉口“死锁”等现象。采用两阶段优化方法，通过通过量最大化模型优化周期及绿信比，继而应用延误最小化模型优化交叉口相位方案及相位差，获得干线系统双向信号协调最优控制方案。最后，应用临界饱和交通状态干线协调控制模型对南京市中山东路10个交叉口进行了信号协调优化，并对优化结果进行了仿真分析。结果表明：临界饱和交通状态干线协调控制模型能对双向临界饱和干线的信号控制方案进行优化，与对照方案相比，优化方案的双向总交通量提升了21.9%，车均延误降低了63.1%，通行能力与服务水平提升显著。     

Factors and scenario analysis of transport carbon dioxide emissions in rapidly-developing cities

To identify key factors of transport CO₂ emissions and determine effective policies for emission reductions in fast-growing cities, this study establishes transport CO₂ emission models, quantifying the influences of polycentricity and satellite cities and re-examining the effects of per capita GDP and metro service. Based on the model results, we forecast future residents’ urban transport CO₂ emissions under several scenarios of different urban and transport policies and new energy technologies. We find nonlinear quadratic growth relationship between commuting CO₂ emissions and per capita GDP, and the elasticities of household and individual commuting CO₂ emission to per capita GDP are 1.90% and 1.45%, respectively. Developing job-housing balanced satellite cities and self-contained polycentric city can greatly decrease emissions from high emitters and can contribute to about 51–82% of the emission reductions by 2050 compared with the scenario of business as usual (BAU). Promotion of electric vehicles, electric public buses, metros, and improvement of traditional energy efficiency contributes to about 48–57% of the emission reductions by 2050 compared with the BAU. When these policies and technologies are combined, about 90% of the emissions could be reduced by 2050 compared with the BAU, and the emissions will be about 1.2–4.9 times of the present. The findings suggest that fostering polycentric urban form and job-housing balanced satellite cities is the key step for future transport CO₂ emission reductions. Metro network promotion, energy efficiency improvement, and new energy type applications can also be effective in emission reductions.     

基于时空等待特征系数的大型活动出行规划研究

高效、合理的综合交通路径规划是成功举办大型活动的前提之一。本文针对观众群体参 与大型活动的出行路径规划问题，引入乘客出行偏好，转换为时空等待优化问题，再根据大型活 动中乘客通过多模式公共交通出行特点，构建多维时间-空间-交通方式网络，以乘客出行时间总 成本最小为目标建立整数线性规划模型。为提高模型的求解效率与质量，提出一种基于拉格朗 日松弛和次梯度优化的算法进行求解，并在求解中提出基于逆向推断的搜索空间约减方法，提高 了算法求解速度。本文以观众从北京市城区前往延庆区高山滑雪中心观赛为案例验证模型与算 法。结果表明，引入时空等待特征系数后，提升了大型活动综合交通出行路径规划方案的合理 性，改善了乘客的出行体验，并有效缓解举办大型活动时的道路拥堵状况。