A study of human mobility behavior dynamics: A perspective of a single vehicle with taxi

In this paper, we first research on the distance distribution of human mobility with single vehicle based on the driving data from a taxi company in South China. Different from conventional exponential distribution, we discover the mobility distance with taxi follows power-law distribution. Further, we proposed a model which may explain the mechanism for the power-law distribution: mobility distance is constrained by time and fare. Specifically, the relationship between fare and mobility distance follows piecewise function, and responds to individual sensitivity; the relationship between time and mobility distance follows significant logarithmic relationship. These two factors, especially the logarithmic relationship between time and mobility distance, may contribute to a power-law distribution instead of an exponential one. Finally, with a simulation model, we verify the significant power-law distribution of human mobility behavioral distance with a single vehicle, by supplementing factors of waiting time and fare.     

Measuring the environmental efficiency of the global aviation fleet

This research analyses the environmental footprint of the airline industry in an attempt to highlight potential paths for improvement. We develop a directional economic-environmental distance function (DEED) which accounts for the production of both desirable and undesirable output and the potential for constrained increases in input utilization. This research applies the modeling framework to analyze the potential to reduce noise and airborne pollutants emitted by aircraft–engine combinations given the current state of aeronautical technology. The global aircraft–engine market is viewed from the regulatory perspective in order to compare the single environmental and operational efficient frontier to that of the airline carriers, and environmental objectives. The results of DEED are then applied in order to substitute the fleets serving Schipol, Amsterdam and Arlanda, Stockholm airports in June 2010 with the benchmark aircraft. The results highlight the inefficiencies of the current airline fleets and that the IPCC values of externalities are a magnitude of TEN too low to encourage changes in the global fleet hence the need for government intervention.     

双目测距技术在调车作业中的 研究与应用

为实现调车作业视频监控与测距的目的,设计一种用于调车顶送作业的双目测距系统,其通过安装于机车车厢的双目摄像机,采集机车已挂车厢与待挂车厢之间实时视频并测量其距离。在OpenCV计算机视觉库与Windows平台下,使用张正友标定法对双目摄像机进行标定,并获得畸变校正后的图像与摄像机参数。通过SGBM特征匹配算法实现车厢目标特征提取与立体匹配。最后利用三维重建方法获得深度信息。系统分别在实验室环境与现场环境下进行实验,现场实验结果表明,测距结果比实际距离稍偏大,最大误差小于1 m,满足实际现场环境要求,可有效地辅助人工瞭望进行调车作业。     

考虑出行时间窗的定制公交线路车辆调度方法

为提高定制公交系统的运行效率,研究了带乘客出行时间窗约束的多条定制公交线路车辆调度方法。给出了乘客出行站点合并方法,将公交车早到、晚到站点所造成的乘客损失转变为当量运营里程,以多辆公交车总运营里程最小为目标,考虑乘客的站点约束、公交车容量约束以及乘客的出行时间窗,建立了定制公交车辆调度优化模型。其次分析了乘客出行起点、终点对模型求解的影响,通过提出虚拟源站点,将多辆定制公交车的调度问题转换为多旅行商问题;基于后向推导原则设计贪心算法求得模型的可行解;之后基于遗传算法,采用自然数编码机制,将每个站点作为基因位,按照访问次序排列成染色体对应问题的解;最后给出了贪心算法和遗传算法的流程。在理论研究的基础上以定制公交线路为例对建模过程和模型的求解过程进行了阐述。研究结果表明：所建立的优化模型能够输出合理的多条定制公交线路车辆调度方案,不仅可以给出每辆定制公交的途经站点、运营里程,还可以给出每个站点的准点程度以及由于公交早到、晚到折算得到的当量运营里程;在求解算法质量方面,与可行解相比,相对最优解输出的方案能够使综合运营里程降低10.4%;模型求解时间为30.3 s,可以满足定制公交企业的实时性需求。     

起-停车辆巡航系统的建模与仿真

将理论和试验数据相结合,建立了起-停车辆巡航跟随仿真系统混合模型,然后根据滑模控制和模糊控制的优点,设计了车间距离控制器;结合建立的车辆巡航跟随仿真系统模型,进行了前车在静止和运动2种情况下的仿真。仿真结果表明:建立的车辆巡航跟随仿真系统模型和控制器能比较真实地反映实际起-停车辆巡航跟随情况,该模型和控制器可以用于对起-停车辆巡航跟随情况的研究。     

公路纵面视距行车安全性分析

驾驶员应有足够的视距来判断运行车辆前方环境发生的变化,如交通状况、道路线形组合形式及沿线景观设计等,以便采取相应措施确保汽车安全行驶。文章从道路纵面竖曲线设计原理出发,讨论了汽车安全行驶的条件,推导出停车视距与竖曲线设计长度、变坡角的关系,同时结合某高速公路安全性评价,对事故多发路段提出了合理化建议。     

Distance and time in intermodal goods transport networks in Europe: A generic approach

This paper is about distance and time as factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. It reviews the relevance of the factors, evaluates time models in practice, compares network distances and times in alternative bundling networks with geometrically varied layouts, and points out how these networks perform in terms of vehicle scale, frequency and door-to-door time. The analysis focuses on intermodal transport in Europe, especially intermodal rail transport, but is in search for generic conclusions. The paper does not incorporate the distance and time results in cost models, and draws conclusions for transport innovation, wherever this is possible without cost modelling. For instance, the feature vehicle scale, an important factor of transport costs, is analysed and discussed.Distance and time are important factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. They generate (direct) vehicle costs and – via transport quality – indirect costs to the customers. Clearly direct costs/prices are the most important performance of the intermodal transport system. The relevance of quality performances is less clarified. Customers emphasise the importance of a good match between the transport and the logistic system. In this framework (time) reliability is valued high. Often transport time, arrival and departure times, and frequency have a lower priority. But such conclusions can hardy be generalised. The range of valuations reflects the heterogeneity of situations. Some lack of clarity is obviously due to overlapping definitions of different performance types.The following parts of the paper are about two central fields of network design, which have a large impact on transport costs and quality, namely the design of vehicle roundtrips (and acceleration of transport speed) and the choice of bundling type: do vehicles provide direct services or run in what we call complex bundling networks? An example is the hub-and-spoke network. The objective of complex bundling is to increase vehicle scale and/or transport frequency even if network volumes are restricted. Complex bundling requires intermediate nodes for the exchange of load units. Examples of complex bundling networks are the hub-and-spoke network or the line network.Roundtrip and bundling design are interrelated policy fields: an acceleration of the roundtrip speed, often desirable from the cost point of view, can often only be carried out customer friendly, if the transport frequency is increased. But often the flow size is not sufficient for a higher frequency. Then a change of bundling model can be an outcome.Complex bundling networks are known to have longer average distances and times, the latter also due to the presence of additional intermediate exchange nodes. However, this disadvantage is – inside the limits of maximal vehicle sizes – overruled by the advantage of a restricted number of network links. Therefore generally, complex bundling networks have shorter total vehicle distances and times. This expression of economies of scale implies lower vehicle costs per load unit.The last part of the paper presents door-to-door times of load units of complex bundling networks and compares them with unimodal road transport. The times of complex bundling networks are larger than that of networks with direct connections, but nevertheless competitive with unimodal road transport, except for short distances.     

基于底盘测功机的摩托车耐久性和工况排放试验中冷却风机出口风速随距离衰减的研究

摩托车国Ⅲ工况排放测试和耐久性测试中,摩托车要在底盘测功机上跟踪规定的曲线行驶,风机模拟道路行驶中的自然风冷却车辆,速度满足风速等于车速。由于从风机出口断面到摩托车发动机有一定距离,随着距离的增加,出口风速、风量会发生衰减和扩散,这样,到达发动机的风速必然小于车速,致使冷却效果下降,模拟效果不佳,长时间运行还会对发动机、催化转化器产生损害,影响排放结果。     

基于GIS的长输管道信息管理系统

介绍了基于GIS的长输管道信息管理系统.阐述了系统的开发方法、系统结构、功能设计以及数据库的建设,从而实现了对长输管道信息方面的科学化管理.最后,限于GIS技术目前的发展水平,指出了实现该项技术的部分难点问题.     

坝光隧道小净距段的施工技术

该文以采用矿山法施工小净距隧道技术为研究目标,分析了小净距隧道施工的技术难点和关键点,总结了小净距隧道施工方法、技术思路和施工技术措施,介绍了深圳葵坝路坝光小净距隧道工程实例。认为,小净距隧道施工应采用综合性技术和措施,提高隧道支护结构的强度、刚度和整体性,减少和控制两条隧道开挖时的相互影响,合理地利用围岩自承能力,保证围岩与支护结构共同作用。