旧金山海湾地区轨道交通信号改造及其启示

介绍了旧金山轨道交通信号系统采用基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)技术进行以实现联通联运为目标的改造。提出了国内城市轨道交通用CBTC技术实现联通联运的设想。在CBTC系统中,为了实现列车定位和安全控制,将通信设备和网络技术应用于一个无线平台中,在列车、轨旁和控制站分别安装扩频无线电台,形成一个同步的分时网络, 能够实现控制信息的可靠传输。采用CBTC技术,不仅可实现新建线路的联通联运,还可对旧线信号系统进行改造,克服因信号制式不同而不能实现联通联运的缺陷。     

油气管道周向漏磁检测信号分析

用于检测管道腐蚀缺陷的漏磁检测方法已运用多年,但传统的轴向漏磁检测方法无法检测到狭长的轴向腐蚀缺陷,使用周向漏磁检测则能很好地弥补轴向漏磁检测的不足。周向漏磁检测及其信号分析在国内还处于起步阶段。采用ANSYS仿真软件建立了周向漏磁检测模型,并进行了电磁场模拟;对仿真模型提取的漏磁信号与腐蚀缺陷的尺寸信息进行了定性分析,提出应用BP神经网络定量分析油气管道腐蚀缺陷与漏磁信号的关系。结果表明：漏磁信号能定性地判断腐蚀缺陷,而使用BP神经网络方法可以定量地确定管道腐蚀缺陷尺寸,有助于提高检测的精度,同时也为油气管道安全评价提供了依据。     

Effectiveness of red light cameras on the right‐angle crash involvement of motorcycles

Red light cameras (RLCs) have been used to reduce right‐angle collisions at signalized intersections. However, the effect of RLCs on motorcycle crashes has not been well investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of RLCs on motorcycle safety in Singapore. This is done by comparing their exposure, proneness of at‐fault right‐angle crashes as well as the resulting right‐angle collisions at RLC with those at non‐RLC sites. Estimating the crash vulnerability from not‐at‐fault crash involvements, the study shows that with a RLC, the relative crash vulnerability (RCV) or crash‐involved exposure of motorcycles at right‐angle crashes is reduced. Furthermore, field investigation of motorcycle maneuvers reveal that at non‐RLC arms, motorcyclists usually queue beyond the stop line, facilitating an earlier discharge, and hence become more exposed to the conflicting stream. However at arms with a RLC, motorcyclists are more restrained to avoid activating the RLC and hence become less exposed to conflicting traffic during the initial period of the green. The study also shows that in right‐angle collisions, the proneness of at‐fault crashes of motorcycles is lowest among all vehicle types. Hence motorcycles are more likely to be victims than the responsible parties in right‐angle crashes. RLCs have also been found to be very effective in reducing at‐fault crash involvements of other vehicle types which may implicate exposed motorcycles in the conflicting stream. Taking all these into account, the presence of RLCs should significantly reduce the vulnerability of motorcycles at signalized intersections. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

轻型门架式标志结构研究

现有的门架式标志结构设计精细度欠缺,多数较为粗笨,用钢量大。相比而言,轻型门架式标志结构在保证安全和美观的前提下,用钢量大大低于现有结构型式,具有较强的推广价值。     

考虑博弈的多智能体强化学习分布式信号控制

交通需求的不均衡和波动会增加分布式信号控制优化的难度. 由于现有独立动作的多智能体强化学习(IA-MARL)仅基于自身的历史经验做出决策,基于IA-MARL的分布式信号控制难以及时缓解交通需求不均衡和波动的影响. 本文融入博弈论的混合策略纳什均衡概念,改进IA-MARL的决策过程,提出考虑博弈的多智能体强化学习(G-MARL)框架. 在采用带有泊松到达率的道路网络流量不均衡输入的格子网络中,分别对基于IA-MARL 和GMARL 的分布式控制方法进行数值模拟,获取单位行程时间和单位车均延误曲线. 结果显示,与IA-MARL相比,G-MARL在单位行程时间和单位车均延误方面分别改善59.94%和81.45%. 证明G-MARL适用于不饱和且交通需求不均衡和波动的分布式信号控制.     

基于交叉口可靠性的公交优先信号配时优化模型

公交信号优先被广泛应用于提高道路通行能力和服务水平等方面,但是,公交信号优先经常会破坏路网,从而导致交叉口可靠性降低.因此,交叉口可靠性是交通信号设计中需考虑的一个重要问题.本研究针对单点交叉口提出了基于可靠性的公交信号优先配时优化模型,将人均延误最小化作为目标函数,将交叉口相位清空可靠度指标作为一个重要约束条件,该模型在优化信号配时的过程中不仅降低了人均延误,并且保证了交叉口的可靠性.本研究将该优化模型应用于单点交叉口,通过分析影响参数得到:仅提高可靠性要求,延误时间会非线性增加;若一味地降低总延误会导致低可靠性.最后,通过案例分析将传统模型与本研究模型进行对比分析,验证了本研究所提出模型的实用性.     

终止站停命令的缺陷及解决方法

广州地铁1号线正线信号设备由德国西门子公司引进,在使用过程中系统存在一定的缺陷.为保证行车安全,在分析该信号系统原理的基础上,结合用户经验,重点对系统中"终止站停"操作指令的原理及缺陷进行研究,提出相应的解决方法.     

双音多频码在多媒体集中控制器中的应用研究

研究计算机通过利用双音多频码(即DTMF码)进行控制的多媒体集中控制系统的工作原理,运用计算机声卡播放DTMF双音多频信号来控制多媒体仪器设备,实现多媒体控制器的全部功能,方法简单可靠,使多媒体集中控制系统完全自动化。     

基于DSP的双级式矩阵开关电源系统的研究

为解决传统大功率开关电源系统中,整流侧产生大量谐波电流而使得系统的输入功率因素低,且谐波畸变率（Trio）高的问题,本文基于TMS3320FL2407系列DSP,采用空间矢量脉宽调制（SPWM）技术,设计出矩阵式开关电源系统．经仿真实验分析．矩阵式开关电源系统可以有效地改善输入侧电流波形质量,并使得系统的功率密度有所提高．     

A method of multi-channel reference signals acquiring in broadband ANC

In a flank array on an unmanned underwater vehicle （UUV）, self-generated noise which has broadband and colored spectrum property in frequency and spatial domain is the main factor affecting the performance of weak signal detection, so the technique of adaptive noise cancellation （ANC） as well as physical denoising and active noise cancellation are often used in practice. Because ANC is based on correlations, improvements in performance come from better correlation between reference signals and primary signals. Taking full advantage of the characteristics of flank arrays and the characteristics of information obtained from hydrophones, a new method for reference signal acquisition for adaptive noise cancellation is proposed, in which the multi-channel reference signals are obtained by accurate delaying for a given direction of arrival （DOA） and differencing between adjacent outputs of array elements. The validity of the proposed method was verified through system modeling simulations and lake experiments which showed good performance with little additional computational burden.