广义梯度理论中交通文化梯度的解释结构模型研究

为了对交通文化进行深入研究,作者简要介绍了广义梯度理论的主要思想及其对梯度理论的发展,并以交通文化梯度的含义和内在关系为研究对象,在广义梯度理论的指导下,找出了26个交通文化梯度因素,确定了系统各要素之间的相互关系和层级递阶结构.采用系统工程的方法,利用结构方程对交通梯度进行系统和全面的分析与研究,最终得到一个基于广义梯度理论的交通文化梯度解释结构模型.得到的模型不仅可以清楚刻画交通文化梯度各要素之间的层级关系,而且为设计交通文化梯度评价指标打下了基础.     

道路交通安全水平预测的统计模型

为了评价和预测不同国家的道路交通安全水平,建立通用的统计模型,作者首先分析道路交通事故死亡率与人口规模、机动车保有量、道路里程以及人均GNP之间的相关关系,根据相关性选择影响道路交通事故的因素,并建立万车死亡率与人均GNP之间的函数关系.模型计算结果与校核数据对比分析表明,所提出的模型能够较好地评价和预测一个国家或地区的道路交通安全水平.模型对交通管理者提高交通安全性的科学决策具有重要指导意义.     

基于GIS的公交乘客信息系统的研究

考虑到乘客出行的心理特征差异,利用公交乘客信息系统的关键技术和GIS的特性,建立基于公交乘客出行路径优化模型的城市公交乘客信息系统,可为进一步开发适合我国的城市公交乘客信息系统提供重要的参考.     

浅谈运行速度与道路线形的连续性

《公路工程技术标准》(JTG B01-2003)中引入了运行速度的概念,故设计人员在设计速度变化路段、爬坡车道、超高等受限制路段时应进行运行速度的验算.公路几何构成参数,例如平、纵曲线半径、纵坡、超高、加宽、停车视距以及指示道路标志等等都是影响汽车运行速度的主要因素.因此,要解决好线形的连续性问题,就要解决运行速度的连续性问题,也就是要解决好公路几何要素之间的组合问题.     

风冷热泵冷热水机组的稳态模拟和试验研究

建立了风冷热泵冷热水机组的稳态模型,并在试验台上进行了试验验证,系统在制冷和制热两种模式下运行,模拟值和试验值吻合良好,试验结果表明合理设计的过冷段换热器可以使冷凝器出口制冷剂产生一定的过冷度,并且在制热模式下融化一部分风侧换热器底部的结冰.     

新疆兵团道路运输业发展趋势分析

在对新疆生产建设兵团道路运输业现状分析的基础上,通过利用一元线性回归模型、平均增长率法以及灰色预测法三种方法分别对兵团2011～2015年的道路旅客运输量、道路货物运输量、道路旅客运输周转量、道路货物运输周转量等进行预测。结果显示,在未来5年当中道路旅客运输以年均7.7%增长,道路货物运输以年均9.2%增长,道路旅客周转量以年均10.6%增长,道路运输货物周转量以年均12.6%增长。     

一种改进的Jakes’信道模型及仿真

由于无线通信环境中存在的诸多不确定因素以及其在现代无线通信系统中的重要作用，合理的无线信道成为通信系统仿真研究的重要目的。确立信道仿真模型的目的就是为了尽可能的得到实际信道的统计特性，该文针对Jakes提出的信道模型，通过仿真来分析其局限性，并参考其中的谐波叠加（sum of sinusoids，SOS）法，来建立一种采用了随机分支增益、随机初始相位和有条件的随机多普勒频率改进的信道模型。     

复合地层盾构机推进速度SVM预测模型研究

在复合地层盾构法隧道施工中,如何提高盾构机推进速度一直是盾构机设计、施工人员研究的重点。以长沙轨道交通1号线五一广场到营盘路隧道工程为研究背景,现场采集盾构机掘进参数,应用SVM,建立了"五营"区间复合地层盾构机推进速度的预测数学模型,并对模型进行检测,检测结果表明该预测模型对推进速度预测的平均相对误差≤7%,验证了该模型对推进速度预测的有效性。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

Sensitivity-based uncertainty analysis of a combined travel demand model

Travel demand forecasting is subject to great uncertainties. A systematic uncertainty analysis can provide insights into the level of confidence on the model outputs, and also identify critical sources of uncertainty for enhancing the robustness of the travel demand model. In this paper, we develop a systematic framework for quantitative uncertainty analysis of a combined travel demand model (CTDM) using the analytical sensitivity-based method. The CTDM overcomes limitations of the sequential four-step procedure since it is based on a single unifying rationale. The analytical sensitivity-based method requires less computational effort than the sampling-based method. Meanwhile, the uncertainties stemming from inputs and parameters can be treated separately so that the individual and collective effects of uncertainty on the outputs can be clearly assessed and quantified. Numerical examples are finally used to demonstrate the proposed sensitivity-based uncertainty analysis method for the CTDM.