重庆地区典型土石混合体回填土区隧道围岩分级研究

为对重庆地区典型土石混合体回填土区隧道围岩进行分级，通过室内基本物理性质试验获得土石混合体回填土的天然密度、干密度、含水率、含石量等基本物理参数指标，通过室内大型直剪试验和大型三轴试验获得土石混合体回填土的强度和变形等力学特性随含水率、含石量、围压等因素的变化规律，并基于室内试验结果，分别以含水率和含石量为分类指标，对重庆地区土石混合体回填土进行分类，提出适用于重庆地区土石混合体回填土的围岩分级指标和方法。主要结论有： 1）重庆地区的土石混合体回填土属于级配不良的土体； 2）随着含水率的增大，土石混合体的黏聚力和内摩擦角都逐渐降低，且均表现为先快后慢的规律； 3）随着含石量的增大，土石混合体的内摩擦角呈慢-快-慢的增大规律，而黏聚力呈先快后慢的降低规律； 4）对于重庆地区的土石混合体回填土，其围岩分级指标重点选用含水率和含石量； 5）对重庆地区土石混合体围岩进一步细分为Ⅳ、Ⅴa、Ⅴb 3级，其中Ⅴa级和Ⅴb级分别为Ⅴ级稍好和Ⅴ级稍差围岩。     

Fault tolerant nonlinear control with applications to an automated transit bus

This paper presents an integrated structure for a passive and active fault tolerant control (FTC) design approach in the framework of a robust nonlinear control technique called Dynamic Surface Control (DSC). As motivated by the automated vehicle application, we consider two categories of possible faults: pre-specified (a priori) and non-specified faults. It is first shown that DSC can be considered as a passive FTC approach in the sense that it gives simultaneous robust stability to a set of nonlinear systems even in the presence of model uncertainties and the pre-specified faults. Then, the non-specified fault is classified depending on the fault’s impact on the closed-loop system and isolatability from a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system. If a fault is both intolerable and isolatable, an active FTC approach is taken which includes FDD and controller reconfiguration. More specifically, trajectory reconfiguration is considered to accommodate the actuator fault, i.e., to compensate for the performance loss due to the fault within the framework of a switched hierarchical structure. Finally, the integrated structure for the longitudinal control of an automated transit bus is designed through the proposed method. Simulation results of the fault tolerant controller are shown for both single and multiple multiplicative faults. This controller was implemented on the California PATH transit buses in a demonstration of automated public transportation technology in San Diego, California in August of 2003.     

加强施工企业工地文化建设的若干思考

工地文化是施工企业长期培育而成的一种价值观念和工地精神。介绍了施工企业工地文化建设的重要性。针对企业存在对工地文化建设的认识盲点，详细论述了工地文化的内涵与外延以及推进工地文化建设的主要途径，最后对工地文化建设需要把握的几个环节作一阐述。     

基于BP神经网络的隧道围岩分类

应用BP神经网络建立了隧道围岩分类模型,对其影响因素进行分析,并对模型进行优化,将训练好的分类模型运用到贵安隧道,为隧道围岩分类提供了一种简便可行的方法。     

Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

近期典型桥梁事故回顾、分析与启示

对1813~2018年期间的584起桥梁事故进行分析，将桥梁倒塌原因分为施工、自然灾害、设计、意外荷载、耐久性等5类。各原因在倒塌事故中所占比例分别为42.1%、30.0%、11.6%、12.7%、3.6%。除自然灾害外，设计施工不合理为主要原因，而事故发生大多是多种原因综合的结果。以近几年9起典型桥梁倒塌事故为例，分析比较各种倒塌桥梁的主要破坏模式，得到以下启示：①国内大部分梁桥上部结构的平面外位移约束构造不足，在任何一个平面内都不应该是可变体系是国内桥梁设计施工中需要注意的问题；②在应用新工艺、新结构和拆除旧桥时，应加强各种施工工况下的验算；③建议加强桥梁巡查，预防和禁止汽车超载以及桥梁附近大规模堆载；④应注重桥梁结构尤其是斜拉桥和悬索桥等特大桥梁的日常养护管理，当养护力量不足时，尽量选择养护要求较低的桥型。     

某集装箱堆场地基方案设计和评估

已运行了8年的集装箱空箱堆场拟升级为重箱堆场。通过现场勘探和土工试验确定土层当前的设计参数并加以分析计算。结果表明:地基的承载能力和工后沉降不能满足设计荷载要求,提出了分级堆箱预压的解决方案。     

基于贝叶斯判别分析方法的膨胀土胀缩等级分类

应用贝叶斯判别分析理论和方法,选用粘粒含量、粉粒含量、液限、塑限和塑性指数5项指标作为判别因子,建立了膨胀土胀缩等级分类的贝叶斯判别模型。通过具体的计算实例说明了该方法的应用步骤,并对该方法的合理性和有效性进行了验证。     

武广客运专线红粘土CFG桩复合地基桩体变形研究

为研究红粘土复合地基中CFG桩的变形特性,在CFG桩内埋设混凝土应变计进行监测,结合室内土工试验,分析了红粘土复合地基中CFG桩桩身不同部位应变随荷载、时间的变化规律及其内在作用机理。结果表明:CFG桩在施加上覆荷载之前就存在初始内应力,桩顶下一定部位存在一初始应变零点;红粘土的膨胀性对CFG桩桩体变形有重要影响,复合地基需要较长的时间进行内部变形调整;变形稳定后,桩体中存在两个应变零点,拉压区域交替出现。     

小寨特大桥综合勘察及场地稳定性评价

结合镇宁至胜境关高速公路小寨特大桥工程实际,采用工程地质钻探、槽探、洞探、现场原位试验并结合地表工程地质调绘等方法对桥位区的水文地质与工程地质条件进行了综合勘察,并对桥位的合理性、场地稳定性和不良地质体进行了评价,提出了＂先边坡治理后基础开挖＂的施工方案,保证了大桥施工安全和工期。