Extension of the super-elements method to the analysis of a jacket impacted by a ship

The aim of this paper is to present a simplified analytical method for estimating the crushing resistance of an oblique cylinder impacted by the stem of a striking ship. The collision angle of the vessel is arbitrary, i.e. oblique collisions are also considered in this article. The two extremities of the tube are assumed to be clamped. These developments are intended to be used for evaluating the crashworthiness of an offshore wind turbines jacket. To achieve this goal, closed-form expressions are first derived for the particular situations of a horizontal and a vertical cylinder by applying the upper-bound method. An interpolation formula is then proposed to get the resistance opposed by the tube for any inclination angle. In order to validate these theoretical developments, some comparisons are made with the results of numerical simulations. These latter are performed using the finite elements software LS-DYNA. In almost all cases, the analytical prediction of the resistance is found to be in quite good agreement with the numerical ones. Finally, another comparison is made by simulating an OSV collision with a full jacket. In this case, the theoretical model is found to be insufficient for large impact energies and points out the need of further research.     

关于海上钻井平台并网发电技术的探讨

本论文对海上钻井平台的发电系统做了一些探讨。提出了并网发电的设想,并对其硬件部分和具体的接入方式做些说明,弥补了现有的风力发电系统的不足。     

水平隧道火灾通风纵向控制风速的合理确定

针对2种等宽度、不等高度的水平隧道模型,借助CFD技术分析了环境温度、火灾热释放强度、断面形状对临界风速的影响。选择断面水力高度为特征尺寸,获得2种隧道模型对应的量纲一的临界风速随热释放强度的变化关系,且其与缩尺模型试验及全尺度试验结果相比均具有较好的一致性;并基于CFD模拟结果,分析了Kennedy公式的不足。结果表明,大型隧道火灾通风纵向控制风速的确定过程中应避免使用Kennedy公式计算临界风速。     

预应力混凝土斜交空心板正截面强度计算研究

采用有限元方法对预应力混凝土斜交空心板进行非线性全过程仿真计算分析。通过多种工况的计算比较发现,达到极限状态时截面的破坏形式、极限承载力随荷载形式不同有一些差别,并得出预应力混凝土斜交空心板的最小的荷载工况,在此基础上,提出了预应力混凝土斜交空心板正截面强度计算公式,可供工程设计参考使用。     

上海长江大桥节段模型气动三分力试验

以主跨为730 m的钢主梁斜拉桥为对象,研究了栏杆、汽车等对汽车-钢主梁桥面系统的气动三分力系数的影响。进行了1∶60缩尺模型试验,开展了桥面无车状态、桥面有车状态和施工状态下的75个试验工况节段模型测力试验研究,并利用获得的三分力系数进行了全桥静风响应分析。结果表明:栏杆增加了主梁的阻力系数;桥面车辆的存在使车-桥系统的阻力系数降低,升力系数的绝对值变小,升力矩系数绝对值变小;3种状态中三分力系数越大,相应的侧向、竖向和扭转响应越大;随风攻角变化,栏杆、汽车对车-桥系统阻力、升力和升力矩的影响各不相同。     

高速行驶遭遇侧风的SUV汽车气动特性模拟研究

采用计算流体力学和合成风方法研究某SUV汽车高速行驶遭遇比较危险强度侧风下的外流场分布并得到气动力（矩）及系数。该方法使乘用车高速行驶遭遇危险侧风情况下气动特性预测成为可能。为深入研究高速行驶侧风作用下乘用车气动特性以及结合汽车操纵动力学对侧风稳定性进行动力学仿真提供了有利的参考。     

多线大角度斜交桥渡模型试验研究与工程实践

该文针对多线斜交桥渡在斜交角度较大的情况下,目前尚缺少理论及经验计算方法的特点,对某多线大角度斜交桥渡进行了水工模型试验。通过模型试验表明:在相同孔跨条件下,雍水值随斜交角的变化比较平缓,设计方案是可行的。实践证明顺水流方向布置桥墩是解决多线斜交桥墩台阻水问题的有效途径之一。     

用AutoCAD辅助弯斜桥几何设计

对弯斜桥的几何设计 ,传统的方法是先计算再作图不但费工费力且易出错。本文介绍用 Auto CAD先作图不用计算即可直接求出座标来进行弯斜桥几何设计的方法。以广珠高速公路的某桥为例 ,在 Auto CAD中建立以点 ( 0 ,0 )为座标原点 ,竖轴为 X轴 ,横轴为 Y轴的直角座标系 ,通过已知参数将桥梁中心线、边缘线与墩台轴线及基桩布置等平面图的有关内容在 Auto CAD中绘出 ,再直接 List各点即显示出其座标。再用座标方位角法和逐桩座标表的有关桩号座标检算其结果的正确性。两种方法的结果最大正负差不超过 5mm。随着计算机在工程应用中的普及 ,可以将此方法广泛用在公路和桥梁的线形设计与施工放样中。     

利用“有效风能”预报航道淤积

提出了"有效风能"概念;导出了"有效风能"与浪、沙、航道淤积之间的相关关系;得出了利用"有效风能"计算航道淤积的计算公式,并与黄骅港海区现场资料进行了验证和校核,效果良好。     

The Offshore Wind Power Debate: Views from Cape Cod

Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are estimated to be over 400 GW, several times the electricity used by U.S. eastern coastal states. The first U.S. developer proposes to build 130 large (40 story tall) wind turbines in Nantucket Sound, just outside Massachusetts state waters. These would provide 420 MW at market prices, enough electricity for most of Cape Cod. The project is opposed by a vigorous and well-financed coalition. Polling shows local public opinion on the project almost equally divided. This article draws on semistructured interviews with residents of Cape Cod to analyze values, beliefs, and logic of supporters and opponents. For example, one value found to lead to opposition is that the ocean is a special place that should be kept natural and free of human intrusion. One line of argument found to lead to support is: The war in Iraq is problematic, this war is “really” over petroleum, Cape Cod generates electricity from oil, therefore, the wind project would improve U.S. security. Based on analysis of the values and reasoning behind our interview data, we identify four issues that are relevant but not currently part of the debate.