10kV智能化高压移动发电车设计

以10 kV高压发电机组为电源,通过总体结构、降噪设计,构成可以移动的10 kV高压发电站,直接面向市电10 kV配电线路,配备完善的智能化控制系统,使发电车既可单独运行也可与市电并网运行,确保供电的可靠性。     

回旋钻机砾石土质钻孔施工工艺

回旋钻机砾石土质钻孔施工工艺可以在不更换钻机的情况下，通过改造钻头、选用大扭矩回旋钻机，处理回旋钻机钻孔施工中出现的含砾石量大、砾石粒径大的土层或较薄岩层，从而可提高生产效率、节约投资、保证进度。     

沿海地区利用盐渍土修筑路基的尝试

利用盐渍土修筑路基,解决了沿海地区路基填料需要从远处调运的难题。利用盐渍土资源,辅以必要的工程改性措施进行路基修筑,是一条技术可行、经济合理的新思路。     

结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制研究

结合水对软土的工程特性具有重要影响，为研究结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制，选取天津软土为研究对象，开展了结合水的等温吸附试验及原状土和不同结合水含量下重塑土的固结蠕变试验。从结合水角度对原状土的固结蠕变特性进行了探讨，并就结合水类型及含量对重塑土蠕变特性的影响机制进行了研究。研究结果表明：等温吸附试验中90%相对湿度节点为土中强、弱结合水的界限，98%相对湿度节点为弱结合水和自由水的界限；相应的，土中强结合水吸附量为13.2%，弱结合水吸附量为22.6%；另外，水化中心的改变导致强结合水阶段吸-脱附过程之间存在明显的滞后效应。原状土固结蠕变过程中，当固结压力p＞400 kPa后，土体的次固结受弱结合水控制，此时结合水排水比自由水困难许多，这是原状土次固结系数在400 kPa后开始逐渐减小的原因之一；原状土在整个固结蠕变过程中排出了12.1%的自由水和9%的弱结合水，没有强结合水排出。在强结合水范围内重塑土的次固结变形及次固结系数对结合水量的变化并不敏感，进入强、弱结合水共存状态后，结合水量对重塑土次固结的影响逐渐显现出来，次固结变形量及次固结系数随含水量的增加呈现加速增加的趋势，说明弱结合水是软土固结蠕变的主控因素。     

某集装箱堆场地基方案设计和评估

已运行了8年的集装箱空箱堆场拟升级为重箱堆场。通过现场勘探和土工试验确定土层当前的设计参数并加以分析计算。结果表明:地基的承载能力和工后沉降不能满足设计荷载要求,提出了分级堆箱预压的解决方案。     

路基工程粘性土掺灰改良的应用试验

粘性土一直是公路路基填料中慎用的一种填料,但在我国一些地区,此种土样具有相当的代表性。在特定的条件下,经试验充分论证后,对此种土质进行掺灰改良,仍可用做路基填料,其性能亦可满足力学性能要求。     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

加筋对桩承式路堤变形模式与土拱效应影响试验

对于桩承式加筋路堤,加筋改变了路堤底面的变形形态,不可避免地将对路堤变形模式与土拱效应产生影响。为了深入分析加筋的影响,利用开发的多沉陷门(Multi-trapdoor)试验装置和椭圆钢棒相似土填料,开展未加筋桩承式路堤试验并得到不同参数组合下存在的3种变形模式,选取3种变形模式的代表性试验,开展相同参数条件下的加筋试验以及4种不同填料高度和3种不同加筋刚度的桩承式加筋路堤试验。通过粒子图像测速技术(PIV)和自制三点式载荷计准确测试得到全场位移及桩顶和桩间土压力。结果表明:加筋后,未加筋桩承式路堤的三角扩展型和塔形升高型变形模式转化为同心椭圆扩展模式,等沉面模式转化为同心圆等沉模式;2种变形模式之间转化的临界高度为1.5倍桩间净距,但等沉面的高度仅为67%的桩间净距;加筋对土拱效应发挥起到了双重作用,一方面,加筋减小了差异沉降,导致土拱效应发挥程度降低,另一方面,加筋改变了路堤变形模式,为"同心圆"土拱提供了稳定的拱脚,使得土拱效应发挥程度提高;在填料高度低,加筋刚度高的情况下,土拱效应发挥程度进一步降低;而填料高度高,加筋刚度低时,土拱效应达到了充分发挥所需的差异沉降,加筋对土拱效应有提高作用;张拉膜效应发挥程度随加筋刚度增大而提高,且随着桩间土下沉而提高,导致土拱效应减弱。     

Sampling of alternatives for route choice modeling

This paper presents a new paradigm for choice set generation in the context of route choice model estimation. We assume that the choice sets contain all paths connecting each origin–destination pair. Although this is behaviorally questionable, we make this assumption in order to avoid bias in the econometric model. These sets are in general impossible to generate explicitly. Therefore, we propose an importance sampling approach to generate subsets of paths suitable for model estimation. Using only a subset of alternatives requires the path utilities to be corrected according to the sampling protocol in order to obtain unbiased parameter estimates. We derive such a sampling correction for the proposed algorithm.Estimating models based on samples of alternatives is straightforward for some types of models, in particular the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In order to apply MNL for route choice, the utilities should also be corrected to account for the correlation using, for instance, a path size (PS) formulation. We argue that the PS attribute should be computed based on the full choice set. Again, this is not feasible in general, and we propose a new version of the PS attribute derived from the sampling protocol, called Expanded PS.Numerical results based on synthetic data show that models including a sampling correction are remarkably better than the ones that do not. Moreover, the Expanded PS shows good results and outperforms models with the original PS formulation.     

浙赣线提速路基基床承载力评估及加固措施

首先根据路基不同深度处的动应力衰减规律和浙赣线既有路基状况,提出了路床土强度控制条件为:基床表层0~0.3m和0.3~0.6m应分别满足160kPa和110kPa的承载力要求,并采用轻型动力触探(N10)对基床土承载力进行了检测和评估,结果表明,不满足基床土强度控制条件地段约占非改线全段的20%。其次,根据基床土承载力检测结果和基床土填料情况,提出了土工布封闭结合土工格室、换填的加固方法,而换填厚度取决于承载力大小和选取用的格室高度,为浙赣线200km/h提速改造提供了依据。