兰州某跨铁路桥钢桁梁顶推施工方案及 受力特性分析

顶推施工技术作为大跨度钢桁梁施工中非常重要的一项施工技术,其不仅能够有效的缩短工期,而且在不影响既有线路正常运营。依托兰州市北滨河西延段工程大跨度钢桁梁顶推施工项目,从施工方法、措施、技术、安全、质量保证上对顶推施工过程进行全面分析,制定具体施工方案,对顶推过程中钢桁梁的受力特性进行数值计算与分析,以确保施工过程安全可控。通过研究大跨度钢桁梁顶推施工技术与工艺流程要点,优化了施工过程中结构的受力状态,并节约工程造价,可为同类工程建设管理和施工组织提供参考。     

低入口城市客车骨架结构模态分析

利用ANSYS程序采用空间梁单元和薄壳单元,对某低入口城市客车车身结构的振动特性进行有限元分析。结果显示,当发动机在怠速工况时,它的振动频率接近于客车车身骨架的固有频率,易发生共振,应尽量避免。     

加强订单进度控制确保产品交货周期--统计分析在企业经营中的运用

通过理论运用的实证分析,提供订单进度控制的方法与模型。     

考虑弯道几何要素和交通量影响的汽车行驶速度预测模型

为了实现对弯道半径、转角、路宽等多个几何线形要素的协同控制,选取了14个有代表性的运行速度模型,使用回归方法建立了侧向容许加速度模型,用其可以计算出半径为R的弯道速度;提出了等效半径的概念,即车辆在曲中位置的实际轨迹半径Re,通过对Re观测数据的回归分析,分别获得了曲线转角影响模型和通道宽度影响模型;最后分析了不同半径条件下交通量对行驶速度的影响,通过求出平均行驶速度与运行速度之间的差值ΔV,建立了ΔV与R和交通量之间的关系模型,并对3条公路运行速度进行了仿真。结果表明：应用该模型得到的运行速度曲线能够同时反映出弯道半径、转角、通道宽度的影响,能够帮助设计者实现对这3个要素的协同控制;根据速度曲线还可以获得不同交通量水平下的旅行时间,进而预测出所设计公路的服务水平。     

Roll- and pitch-plane coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension

Passive fluidically coupled suspensions have been considered to offer a promising alternative solution to the challenging design of a vehicle suspension system. A theoretical foundation, however, has not been established for fluidically coupled suspension to facilitate its broad applications to various vehicles. The first part of this study investigates the fundamental issues related to feasibility and properties of the passive, full-vehicle interconnected, hydro-pneumatic suspension configurations using both analytical and simulation techniques. Layouts of various interconnected suspension configurations are illustrated based on two novel hydro-pneumatic suspension strut designs, both of which provide a compact design with a considerably large effective working area. A simplified measure, vehicle property index, is proposed to permit a preliminary evaluation of different interconnected suspension configurations using qualitative scaling of the bounce-, roll-, pitch- and warp-mode stiffness properties. Analytical formulations for the properties of unconnected and three selected X-coupled suspension configurations are derived, and simulation results are obtained to illustrate their relative stiffness and damping properties in the bounce, roll, pitch and warp modes. The superior design flexibility feature of the interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension is also discussed through sensitivity analysis of a design parameter, namely the annular piston area of the strut. The results demonstrate that a full-vehicle interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension could provide enhanced roll- and pitch-mode stiffness and damping, while retaining the soft bounce- and warp-mode properties. Such an interconnected suspension thus offers considerable potential in realising enhanced decoupling among the different suspension modes.     

A method for estimation of vehicle inertial parameters

In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the current sprung mass inertial parameters of a vehicle, such as the mass, pitch and roll mass moments of inertia, and lateral and longitudinal centre of gravity locations. The method measures the sprung mass response when the vehicle is driven over an unknown and unmeasured random road profile. From these measurements, the equivalent free-decay responses are extracted and modal analysis techniques used to estimate the sprung mass natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This information is combined with a simplified vehicle estimation model, least squares analysis and known equivalent stiffness parameters to estimate the vehicles’ inertial parameters. The results obtained from several simulation examples show that estimates of the inertial parameters generally have small relative errors.     

Normal and shear forces in the contact patch of a braked racing tyre. Part 1: results from a finite-element model

In this first part of a two-part article, a previously described and validated finite-element model of a racing-car tyre is developed further to yield detailed information on carcass deflections and contact pressure and shear stress distributions for a steady rolling, slipping, and cambered tyre. Variations in running conditions simulated include loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and ?3°, and longitudinal slips from 0% to?20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest. Results generated are in broad agreement with limited experimental results from the literature and they provide considerable insight into how the tyre deforms and how the contact stresses are distributed as functions of the running conditions. Generally, each rib of the tyre behaves differently from the others, especially when the wheel is cambered. The results form a basis for the development of a simpler physical tyre model, the purpose of which is to retain accuracy over the full operating range while demanding much less computational resource. The physical tyre model is the topic of the second part of the article.     

Fault classification method for the driving safety of electrified vehicles

A fault classification method is proposed which has been applied to an electric vehicle. Potential faults in the different subsystems that can affect the vehicle directional stability were collected in a failure mode and effect analysis. Similar driveline faults were grouped together if they resembled each other with respect to their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. The faults were physically modelled in a simulation environment before they were induced in a detailed vehicle model under normal driving conditions. A special focus was placed on faults in the driveline of electric vehicles employing in-wheel motors of the permanent magnet type. Several failures caused by mechanical and other faults were analysed as well. The fault classification method consists of a controllability ranking developed according to the functional safety standard ISO 26262. The controllability of a fault was determined with three parameters covering the influence of the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the vehicle. The simulation results were analysed and the faults were classified according to their controllability using the proposed method. It was shown that the controllability decreased specifically with increasing lateral acceleration and increasing speed. The results for the electric driveline faults show that this trend cannot be generalised for all the faults, as the controllability deteriorated for some faults during manoeuvres with low lateral acceleration and low speed. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to various other types of road vehicles and faults.     

平移模式下挡土墙墙背土侧压力系数的计算

根据库仑土压力理论中墙背滑动楔体整体达到静平衡的基本原理，假定沿墙高方向，土与墙背的摩擦角均达到极限值，从墙背处土体主应力偏转的应力状态分析出发，得到墙背处的主应力偏转角和土侧压力系数的计算公式；把土侧压力系数用于水平层分析法，建立了竖向土压力的基本方程，求解该方程，导出了挡土墙主动土压力、土压力合力及其作用位置的理论公式。经比较，该方法与其他方法对土侧压力系数的计算结果基本一致，所得的挡土墙主动土压力计算结果与模型试验结果也较为吻合。