基于本体论的城市构筑物三维描述

为了解决城市构筑物空间描述现有方法存在的空间目标划分和表达困难的问题,应用本体论的基本理论———部分-整体关系,分析了城市构筑物的描述层次和几何定义;从部分和整体两方面对空间实体的联系进行了分析,提出了一种基于本体论的城市构筑物三维描述框架,并用V isual C 语言和OpenGL Perform er图形软件包实现了原型系统.     

焊接钢梁疲劳寿命及其参数研究

焊接钢构件的概率疲劳寿命曲线和概率裂纹扩展速率曲线是进行钢结构疲劳可靠性设计和服役期间剩余疲劳寿命可靠性评估所必须的。为了获得一些构件的概率曲线,对美国NCHRP研究机构所进行的大规模焊接钢梁疲劳试验结果进行再分析。通过原始数据的统计检验,得出了常见构件的全寿命概率分布。根据Paris公式及已有的结论,对原始数据进行推演再分析,获得了Paris公式中参数的概率分布。最后,给出了概率断裂力学方法预测焊接钢梁在给定可靠度下疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的算例。     

基于统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）的深潜器载人舱疲劳可靠性分析

疲劳是承受循环载荷的金属结构最重要的失效机制,现已有多种金属疲劳寿命预报方法。实际的设计、制造、加工和操作等工序环节中总是存在不确定性,这些不确定性的影响将在结构的疲劳寿命中富集,为此发展了疲劳可靠性分析。该文讨论了将疲劳可靠性分析方法和统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）相结合的可行性,为海洋结构物的安全使用提供参考。文中的极限状态方程是基于统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）得到的,并讨论了其中各参数对疲劳寿命的影响;针对一组TC4-ELI的疲劳裂纹扩展数据,分别采用Monte-Carlo法和JC法开展了疲劳可靠性分析,两种分析方法得到的结果彼此符合得较好。     

渗透海床上波浪传播特性的研究

波浪在渗透海床上传播时会发生波高的衰减.基于Dean和Dalrymple(1984年)提出的渗透海床上波浪传播的理论模型,推导了波浪运动的速度势表达式和色散关系,并采用迭代方法,提出了一种求解色散方程的简单高效的数值算法,从而求得波浪的空间衰减系数(即复波数虚部).在此基础之上,研究了不同渗透系数和不同水深条件下波高的衰减规律,结果表明,波浪在传播过程中波高按指数衰减,衰减速率随渗透系数的增大和相对水深的减小而增大,但由于波浪的空间衰减系数较小,波浪的衰减也较为缓慢,通常情况下,只有当波浪长距离传播时,海床渗透导致的波高衰减才较为显著.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

天津富民桥主索鞍与散索套的制作

天津富民桥主桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,简述该桥主索鞍、主跨散索套、边跨散索套的结构组成,重点介绍主索鞍、散索套的加工制作工艺以及制作过程中的重点检验项目.     

自锚式悬索桥空间索面猫道架设与调整

天津富民桥主桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,其主跨主缆采用三维空间线形.在体系转换的过程中,主缆不仅产生垂直方向的变位,还会产生横向变位,猫道位置也需作出相应调整.主要介绍猫道架设与调整方法.     

天津富民桥主桥整体结构空间分析与设计

天津富民桥主桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,桥塔为独柱,主跨主缆采用三维空间线形,在立面及平面投影皆为抛物线,边跨主缆采用1组(2根并排)缆索不加竖向吊索形式.主要介绍该桥的结构设计特点,并简述整体结构空间分析计算结果.     

水泥路面板高温隆起的力学机理分析

为了避免或延缓水泥路面板在夏季产生高温隆起现象,从力学机理的角度,探讨了水泥路面板在夏季高温隆起的原因,并举例计算水泥路面板板顶与板底全年最大的应力差及水泥路面板压曲临界应力。结果表明,仅从强度的角度来看,如胀缝设置不当,则旧水泥路面板在夏季都是危险的;如果胀缝功能得不到保证,厚度26 cm左右的水泥路面板,在夏季出现隆起的临界板长约为85 m。因此,建议在南方地区,对于4级及4级以下公路(特别是低造价的农村公路)广泛采用的素混凝土或低配筋混凝土路面,胀缝按80 m间距来设置是适宜的。