Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

Who you are is how you travel: A framework for transportation mode detection using individual and environmental characteristics

With the increasing prevalence of geo-enabled mobile phone applications, researchers can collect mobility data at a relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. Such data, however, lack semantic information such as the interaction of individuals with the transportation modes available. On the other hand, traditional mobility surveys provide detailed snapshots of the relation between socio-demographic characteristics and choice of transportation modes. Transportation mode detection is currently approached using features such as speed, acceleration and direction either on their own or in combination with GIS data. Combining such information with socio-demographic characteristics of travellers has the potential of offering a richer modelling framework that could facilitate better transportation mode detection using variables such as age and disability. In this paper, we explore the possibility to include both elements of the environment and individual characteristics of travellers in the task of transportation mode detection. Using dynamic Bayesian Networks, we model the transition matrix to account for such auxiliary data by using an informative Dirichlet prior constructed using data from traditional mobility surveys. Results have shown that it is possible to achieve comparable accuracy with the most widely used classification algorithms while having a rich modelling framework, even in the case of sparse mobility data.     

无核密度仪在沥青路面工程质量控制中的应用技术研究

无核密度仪是一种可实现大样本、高效、实时、无损、安全测定沥青面层压实度和非均匀性的新型检测仪器.根据无核密度仪检测方法的基本原理,分析该法测值精确度的影响因素,并提出现场检测时的操作建议及注意事项.阐述无核密度仪在沥青路面压实过程中的压实控制、压实效果评价、压实方案和工艺比选,提出改善沥青面层压实效果的措施,并探讨无核密度仪在沥青面层非均匀性检测中的应用技术.     

乙二醇型汽车发动机冷却液的检测和正确使用

发动机的正常运转与发动机冷却液密不可分,本文主要探讨了乙二醇型汽车发动机冷却液的科学检测和正确使用。发动机冷却液,俗称防冻液,是发动机正常运转不可缺少的散热介质,能保持发动机在最有利的工作温度范围内运行,避免因发动机温度过高或过低带来的不良后果。根据发动机运行的情况对冷却液进行科学的检测、正确的使用和更换会直接影响发动机的使用寿命。     

天津安阳桥设计关键技术

该文介绍了天津安阳桥设计的若干关键技术。天津海河安阳桥桥梁建筑艺术设计优美,造型独特,是天津滨海新区中心商务区的新地标,是桥梁建筑艺术与桥梁结构的完美结合。安阳桥为大跨度空间钢网拱桥,软土地基上大跨度拱桥水平推力是一个技术难题。安阳桥主拱为空间钢网拱,主拱刚度较弱,主拱和主梁的刚度匹配,空间主拱的设计,是另一个技术难题。安阳桥为空间拱桥,安阳桥的抗震和抗风性能又是一个值得研究的课题。     

基于空间自相关分析的旧路改造交通预测合理范围研究

旧路改造设计是道路设计的重要组成部分,也是优化城市路网结构、缓解交通拥堵的重要手段。从城市规划和城市发展的角度,研究了在旧路改造设计过程中,交通预测分析的难点,利用面状空间数据的自相关特性,结合传统交通预测模式的特点,提出了在城市道路改造设计中,合理确定交通预测分析范围的方法,并结合实际工程案例,验证了提出模型的实际可操作性。     

基于视频检测的交通冲突判别方法和模型

为了克服交通冲突传统人工判别方法的缺陷,提出了基于视频检测的交通冲突发生判别的基本流程,将交通冲突发生的判别划分为交通参数的视频检测、坐标变换和交通冲突判别3个阶段。在借助OpenCV和Matlab标定工具箱进行交通实体检测和坐标变换的基础上,建立了以冲突角度、速度和距离等指标为核心的交通冲突综合判别模型,并通过现实场景验证该模型的有效性。     

碎石桩在高填方机场软基处理中的试验研究

在试验段软基处理中采用了碎石桩加固法,并通过室内土工试验、载荷试验、动探试验对地基处理效果进行了检测分析,结果表明:碎石桩处理地基后对地基内水分的排除、地基深部的加固以及地基土承载力的提高均有显著效果,采用碎石桩处理地基的方法可行。     

PHC管桩基础在住宅小区工程中的应用

以廊坊华元和庭小区PHC管桩基础施工应用为依托,分析管桩基础施工过程中的一些方法措施及检测结果。采用PHC管桩基础,在工程质量、环境、经济、施工工期等方面都是城区地基处理的一种好方法。     

波形钢腹板在施工中空间位置的定位研究

滁河大桥是主跨96m的波形钢腹板预应力混凝土组合连续梁桥,跨径布置为(53+96+53)m,采用对称悬臂浇筑法施工。在滁河大桥的施工中发现波形钢腹板空间定位对桥梁成桥后的受力影响较大,为解决波形钢腹板组合梁桥悬臂对称施工过程中波形钢腹板空间位置的定位问题,根据该工程的施工监控方案,结合该桥设计的特点,对滁河大桥波形钢腹板施工中空间位置的定位进行了专门的研究,采用了数学上关于空间上不在一条直线上的3个点可以确定平面准确位置的定理,对施工中的钢腹板进行定位,通过对理论计算的数据与施工现场实测数据进行对比分析,论证了该方法的可行性与实用性。