我国水路运输碳排放现状及减碳路径分析

本文在阐述我国水路运输碳排放现状的基础上,分析了水路运输减少碳排放过程中存在的主要问题,提出了水路运输减碳主要路径和政策建议,为相关部门开展碳减排工作提供参考。     

基于便携式排放测试系统与BP神经网络的大型客车排放预测

以大型客车为研究对象,在长沙市的不同道路工况下进行了车载排放测试,借助道路测试得到的数据,利用BP神经网络,以逐秒的速度、加速度、比功率和油耗数据为输入,建立CO2、CO和NOx的排放预测模型,并用部分试验数据进行了验证.结果表明,CO2、CO和NOx预测结果的总体相关系数R为0.9167,线性高度相关,在整体误差水平...     

摩托车排放后处理技术现状

简述了为减少摩托车污染物排放而采用的二次空气、多级补气和电控补气、燃油电喷技术等摩托车排放后处理技术,进一步阐述了这些技术与催化剂结合在降低摩托车排放污染物上的应用,分析了各种技术的原理和应用现状,同时对其优势和缺点进行了比较,阐述了目前排放后处理技术中存在的问题,对今后的发展提出了建议。     

乙醇/柴油发动机醇醛排放的测试技术研究

为了测量乙醇/柴油发动机新的排放物——乙醇和乙醛,对气相色谱分析测试技术进行了研究。通过对不同采样方法和采样条件的比较分析,确定了以去离子水作为吸收液的冰水浴两级吸收采样方法,实现了对发动机尾气中乙醇和乙醛的采样,吸收效率大于96%;通过引入采样系统稀释系数、流量校正系数和吸收效率修正系数的理论计算,提高了测量的准确度;建立了一套完整的色谱分析方法和色谱标定方法,利用气相色谱仪实现了对样品中乙醇和乙醛的分离定量测试;整个测量系统对排气中的乙醇和乙醛检测限值为0.1×10-6,最大极限误差为0.5×10-6,并在一台实际乙醇/柴油发动机上进行了应用。     

重庆市内河船舶污染物排放现状及LNG动力船舶推广效益分析

重庆地处长江上游经济带核心地区,水运发达,随着客货运量逐年增加,通行的内河船舶尾气排放严重影响港口及航道附近大气环境,已成为重庆大气污染的主要来源之一,颗粒物、NO_x的排放分别占重庆市总排放的4.3%、21.9%,SO_2占年排放的7.4%(14.8%。在大气环境问题日益严峻的情况下,LNG动力船舶因其可明显降低排气污染物,越发受到社会关注,对重庆市单LNG动力示范船舶尾气排放进行实测,对比柴油动力船舶,颗粒物、NO_x、SO_2减排显著,减排率分别达99.94%、72.69%、100%。因此,LNG动力船舶的推广表现出明显的环境效益,同时,综合分析了当前LNG动力船舶推广存在问题及困难。     

考虑健康损失的路阻模型的构建

运用高斯烟羽模型计算机动车尾气排放量,然后利用支付意愿法定量分析健康损失,同时考虑延误和健康损失构建考虑健康损失的路阻模型。根据实例,分别使用Transcad和新的路阻模型计算出2个路阻,并进行交通分配。结果显示2次交通分配的路网流量不同,表明考虑健康损失的路阻模型影响了人们的出行选择,可有效解决主干路拥挤,增加次干路车流量,协调整个路网车流量均衡,提高路网交通效率。     

Decouple transport CO2 emissions from China’s economic expansion: A temporal-spatial analysis

China’s transport industry is energy intensive and high-polluting. While with the surging urbanization and the development of service industry, China’s economic relies more and more on the transport sector. Therefore, exploring the relationship between transport energy-related carbon emission (TECE) and economic development is crucial to the realization of China’s “Post Paris” mitigation target. The paper carries out a decoupling research between TECE and Gross domestic product (GDP) at both national level and province level based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis with the extended Kaya identity and Tapio decoupling model. The model quantifies eight factors’ effects on the relationship with focusing on external macro socio-economic related factors (i.e., spatial pattern, urbanization, per capita service industry output value, reciprocal of the service industry’s share of GDP, and demographic variable) successfully. The key conclusions are indicated as follows: (1) the national decoupling status was extensive coupling during 2004–2010 and then weak decoupling during 2010–2016. The progress can be attributed to the decline of energy intensity. (2) Per capita service output was always the prominent factor to promote carbon emissions growth in different time periods and provinces with inhibiting the advancement of decoupling process, followed by urbanization. (3) Scenario analysis shows that with the continuous growth of traffic demand and the promotion of urbanization, improving energy efficiency has become the key link to realize the decoupling between China’s TECE and its economy.     

Efficiency evaluation and PM emission reallocation of China ports based on improved DEA models

The emission of particulate matter (PM) and other atmospheric pollutants in port operations and shipping have caused a huge negative impact on the environment. Consequently, how to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports and put forward corresponding countermeasures on this basis is becoming a more important issue than ever before from the perspectives of the government, academia, and society. We construct three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports under the circumstances of environmental control, non-environmental control and PM emission through inter-ports cooperation. The innovation of the DEA models constructed in this paper lies in: (1) Setting environmental control parameters to uniformly manipulate the situations of environmental control and non-environmental control, etc.; (2) Allowing non-equal proportional change of input index, expected output and non-expected output index; (3) Setting preference coefficients for ports to admit favorable decisions; (4) Providing a distance formula of expected output for PM emission reallocation. Further, data from 11 major ports in China are collected to compare the expected output under different PM emission standards assuming the situation of environmental control and non-environmental control, port cooperation, and non-cooperative sewage discharge. The empirical results show that: (1) Ports in the eastern China (Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nanjing) have higher port efficiency; (2) Port cooperation can improve the overall expected output but it will lose its edge with the improvement of PM emission standards. (3) Ports follow the same trend of output loss regardless of favorable decisions. In the end, the author makes a summary, puts forward relevant policy suggestions and makes the recommendation for future research.     

蜂窝式夹芯层结构横向耐撞性能数值仿真研究

蜂窝式夹层板结构具有强度高、结构轻等优越的性能,其中夹芯层结构起关键作用。文中采用非线性有限元软件MSC/Dytran模拟仿真了蜂窝式夹芯层结构在横向冲击载荷作用下的渐进屈曲过程,分析了结构的耐撞性能,结构参数对耐撞性能的影响。研究分析表明:蜂窝式夹芯层结构在横向冲击载荷作用下具有稳定的压溃载荷、较长的有效行程,具有优良的吸能特性。结构密度是影响结构耐撞性能的关键因素;夹芯层高度对结构的耐撞性影响不大,增加结构夹芯层高度结构吸能增加。     

山路行驶的柴油车污染物排放特性试验

在山路和平路上,进行了不同载荷下国V柴油车的实际道路行驶排放(RDE)试验.采集车速、海拔、氮氧化物(Nox)和颗粒物数量(PN)排放浓度等数据,分析了道路坡度、车辆载荷与输出功率对排放的影响.研究发现:测试柴油车辆,在平均坡度约6％山路行驶时Nox排放因子高于平路20％以上,PN低于平路20％以上.道路坡度自0增大到...