螺旋桨切割直径法在高速艇中的应用

针对某高速艇在试航过程中出现的船舶主机负荷过重及转速达不到要求的问题,分析其原因,并对螺旋桨切割直径法的两种理论计算方法和一种经验公式估算法的应用进行探讨。切割直径计算方法以实测轴功率为计算依据,采用检查图谱确定切割量,同时采用经验公式确定切割量并进行比较。通过对切割螺旋桨后的实船试验结果与理论计算和经验公式估算的对比,得出对于高速艇螺旋桨切割量的计算,采用检查图谱理论计算的准确程度要比经验公式估算法高。     

Bus congestion, optimal infrastructure investment and the choice of a fare collection system in dedicated bus corridors

Microeconomic optimisation of scheduled public transport operations has traditionally focused on finding optimal values for the frequency of service, capacity of vehicles, number of lines and distance between stops. In addition, however, there exist other elements in the system that present a trade-off between the interests of users and operators that have not received attention in the literature, such as the optimal selection of a fare payment system and a designed running speed (i.e., the cruising speed that buses maintain in between two consecutive stops). Alternative fare payment methods (e.g., on-board and off-board, payment by cash, magnetic strip or smart card) have different boarding times and capital costs, with the more efficient systems such as a contactless smart card imposing higher amounts of capital investment. Based on empirical data from several Bus Rapid Transit systems around the world, we also find that there is a positive relationship between infrastructure cost per kilometre and commercial speed (including stops), achieved by the buses, which we further postulate as a linear relationship between infrastructure investment and running speed. Given this context, we develop a microeconomic model for the operation of a bus corridor that minimises total cost (users and operator) and has five decision variables: frequency, capacity of vehicles, station spacing, fare payment system and running speed, thus extending the traditional framework. Congestion, induced by bus frequency, plays an important role in the design of the system, as queues develop behind high demand bus stops when the frequency is high. We show that (i) an off-board fare payment system is the most cost effective in the majority of circumstances; (ii) bus congestion results in decreased frequency while fare and bus capacity increase, and (iii) the optimal running speed grows with the logarithm of demand.     

中低速磁浮桥梁结构设计与试验研究

对中低速磁悬浮轨道梁设计和试验进行系统阐述。研究表明:中低速磁悬浮轨道梁适宜采用单箱单室后张预应力混凝土简支梁,强度计算不是轨道梁的控制因素,但是截面扭矩很大;刚度和动力性能成为中低速磁悬浮轨道梁的设计控制因素,通过试验,给出刚度和自振频率限值。专门研制的拉力调高钢支座能保证轨道梁横向稳定,预制架设方法是最适宜的施工方法。     

公交浮动车辆到站时间实时预测模型

根据公交浮动车辆实时GPS数据,考虑不同时段的路段平均速度、公交车站、信号灯等多因素的影响,建立了一种新的公交车辆到站时间预测模型.通过估计到达下游最临近站点的时间和判断道路上GPS数据的有效性等方法,改善了预测模型的精度,并应用重庆公交车辆数据对模型进行验证.计算结果表明:该模型能够实时预测公交浮动车辆到达下游站点的...     

公路客运应对高速铁路发展策略研究

通过回顾公铁交锋历程,提出公路客运面临的问题,在分析高速铁路客运与公路客运各自的优劣势的基础上,提出公路客运增优降劣策略。     

25t25m固定式起重机电控系统设计

本文根据起重机控制的特点,设计出以PLC为核心的起重机电控系统,介绍了变频调速控制原理,设备配置,以及系统控制软件运行流程,该系统在保证实现系统控制功能的基础上,简化了硬件电路,提高了系统控制的可靠性.     

船舶相对运动速度检测方法研究

通过分析光电编码器检测法和激光测距检测法的优缺点,提出了基于对射型超声波传感器的船舶相对运动速度检测新方法.为提高该方法的检测精度,特别设计了相对时差测速方案.     

三电平SVPWM变频调速系统的PSCAD/EMTDC仿真

本文分析了三电平空间矢量脉宽调制的基本原理,应用电磁暂态分析软件PSCAD/EMTDC搭建了基于三电平逆变器的感应电机调速系统模型,实现了电机的矢量控制。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于出租车GPS数据的路段平均速度估计模型

为了解决现有基于GPS数据的路段平均速度估计模型应用条件苛刻、难以满足低成本和高精度信息需求问题,考虑不同类型GPS车辆运行特征,设计了两个基于出租车GPS数据估计路段平均速度的改进模型.基于两个改进模型,设计了路段平均速度的融合估计方法.用某城市局部路网的出租车GPS数据验证两个改进模型,并与传统模型进行了对比分析....     

隧道中央隔离设施安全效果的模拟评价研究

以山区公路某隧道群为对象,对用于非分离式隧道中的可倒伏示警柱、视觉标线、常规标线等三种中央隔离设施进行了驾驶模拟对比实验;建立了设置有3种隔离设施的道路虚拟实验场景;利用驾驶模拟系统进行受试者实验,对实验中获取的车辆动态数据进行了统计分析.通过对速度及其标准差、车辆行驶轨迹的横向位置及其标准差的分析结果得出:可倒伏示警柱和视觉标线有利于隧道内的行车安全,除去成本因素,可倒伏示警柱的安全性会更高些.