我国水上船舶溢油应急能力现状及建设规划研究

文中根据“我国沿海与长江干线船舶溢油应急处置能力建设”调研情况,对我国目前的水上船舶溢油应急能力现状进行了总结。对我国当前面临的水上污染形势,以及船舶溢油应急领域存在的问题进行了分析,就海事系统落实《国家水上交通安全和救助系统布局规划》进行了探讨。     

基于溢流阀的共轨压力控制仿真研究

为研究柴油机高压共轨系统轨腔压力波动,在建立物理、数学模型的基础上,制定轨腔压力的模糊-PID控制策略。仿真结果表明,该策略很适合用于轨腔压力稳定控制。     

港口大型溢油应急处置方案探讨

大型油船港口码头及石油储备设施附近港口码头,一旦发生溢油事故,一般部是大型溢油事故事故现场具有其独特的特点,溢油应急处置需要根据溢油现场的实际情况确定应急救援工作所需要的人员、物资和设备,并制定有针对性的应急处置方案溢油应急处置方案的能否有效与实施,决定着整个溢油应急工作的成败.     

海上溢油应急能力评估研究

针对目前我国海上溢油应急能力评估现状,借鉴国内外其他领域应急能力评估模式的先进经验,建立了包含5个一级指标,20个二级指标的海上溢油应急能力评估指标体系.运用改进的层次分析法得出不同层次指标的权重,并结合某海区溢油应急能力现状评分,得到该海区海上溢油应急能力等级.研究表明,该评价指标体系合理、实用,可为海上溢油应急能力...     

珠江口区域海上溢油动态预测信息系统的开发与应用

为了对《珠江口区域溢油应急计划》提供决策支持,在国内外相关研究成果基础上,针对珠江口海域的特点,研究开发了先进实用的"珠江口区域海上溢油动态预报信息系统",综合了三维潮流模型、三维溢油扩散模型、溢油风化模型、应急反应模型、以及电子海图、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库等关键技术。该系统可以预测模拟并可视化显示海上溢油的漂移扩散和性质变化过程,同时显示环境敏感区和应急人员设备分布等相关信息。实际溢油应用案例表明,该系统的预报模拟结果与现场实际情况完全相符,能有效地提高海上溢油污染事故的应急决策效率。     

Uncertainty in predictions of oil spill trajectories in a coastal zone

A method is introduced to determine the uncertainties in the predictions of oil spill trajectories using a classic oil spill model. The method considers the output of the oil spill model as a function of random variables, which are the input parameters, and calculates the standard deviation of the output results which provides a measure of the uncertainty of the model as a result of the uncertainties of the input parameters.In addition to a single trajectory that is calculated by the oil spill model using the mean values of the parameters, a band of trajectories can be defined when various simulations are done taking into account the uncertainties of the input parameters. This band of trajectories defines envelopes of the trajectories that are likely to be followed by the spill given the uncertainties of the input.The method was applied to an oil spill that occurred in 1989 near Sines in the southwestern coast of Portugal. This model represented well the distinction between a wind driven part that remained offshore, and a tide driven part that went ashore. For both parts, the method defined two trajectory envelopes, one calculated exclusively with the wind fields, and the other using wind and tidal currents. In both cases reasonable approximation to the observed results was obtained.The envelope of likely trajectories that is obtained with the uncertainty modelling proved to give a better interpretation of the trajectories that were simulated by the oil spill model.     

论环境法医学在海事行政执法中的重要性

以溢油鉴定和溯源研究为主的环境法医学,被证明在海事行政执法中作用显著。文中在分析环境法医学的发展历史和定义的基础上,结合我国环境法医学的发展现状阐述了环境法医学在海事行政执法过程中的积极意义。     

刘家沟水电站水工模型试验研究

通过对刘家沟水电站水工模型的优化试验,发现溢洪道进水渠右导墙体型采用两圆弧+直线段结构能够较好的解决泄流流态问题,而消能形式采用泄槽出口平台设T型墩+岸坡分散水流+平台挑射出流的联合结构亦能够达到令人满意的消能效果.     

韩国对“河北精神”号溢油事故的应急处理及其启示

文中介绍了“河北精神”号溢油事故的起因,分析了韩国所采取的应急措施,评估其有效性,提出我国处理类似应急事件的对策建议。     

Impact of forcing errors in the CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system. A sensitivity study

The CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system is presented in this paper, and an evaluation of the impact of errors in the forcing fields over its forecasts is carried out. The system is formed by several independent modules which provide forecasts of winds, currents and waves to an oil spill module which predicts the evolution of the spill.The typical twin-experiments experience is used paying special attention to a realistic characterization of the errors when perturbing the forcing fields. The results suggest that errors in the wind and current fields are the main limiting factor for the quality of the oil spill forecasts. The pollutant identification is also crucial to determine the final vertical position and characteristics of the product.