道路公交与轨道交通竞争选择模型研究——基于上海轨道交通6号线客运走廊

上海轨道交通6号线开通前后,部分原有的道路公交客流向轨道交通客流转移,造成居民出行结构发生变化.在居民公交出行显示性偏好调研的基础上,分析开通之后出行者的出行时间、费用等的变化情况,构建道路公交和轨道交通方式的效用函数和方式竞争选择模型,为轨道交通6号线所在客运走廊上的公交线路调整提供依据.建议客运走廊轨道交通方式竞争选择的调查数据有效样本扩大到200个以上.对于轨道交通与道路公交的竞争关系要准确把握,公交线路调整方案不能操之过急,需逐步调整实施.     

一种基于价格和效用的帧聚合策略

MAC层帧聚合是改善无线网络信道利用率、提高频谱效率的有效方法之一。将定价策略和排队论模型引入到IEEE 802.11系列MAC协议的帧聚合策略中,以平均时延作为主要QoS(Quality of Service)指标,在满足业务流最大时延约束基础上,从用户效用和网络效用两个方面研究价格及网络效用的优化问题。此外,还分析了包平均到达率与平均时延的关系。仿真结果表明:所提出的基于定价和效用的帧聚合策略是有效的,可以提高系统平均吞吐量,减少端到端平均时延。     

PECAS——城市用地和交通集成化模型系统

PECAS是用于城市用地分析和交通预测的集成化模型系统。该系统假定在一个相对较短的时期(通常为一年)内,在整个分析区域生产和消费的各种产品,包括商品、服务、劳工等,能在其各自的交易市场上达到购销平衡。进而,该系统应用一系列NL模型,在各分区之间分派/分布各类生产和消费活动,并据此预测交通需求。同时,该系统还根据各类用地开发几率,对不进入运输市场的用地供应进行单独模拟。这里阐述了PECAS模型系统的基本概念、系统结构、模型构造、计算流程和参数标定,以及与其他用地分析和交通预测模型之间的关系,并扼要介绍了PECAS的实际应用情况。     

基于多属性效用函数的工程合同索赔机理分析

构造了以工程投资、工期和工程质量为多属性变量的甲乙双方的多属性效用函数。以积式函数为目标函数，通过对博弈Nash解的数学分析得出了达成协议的合同平衡点处双方效用值的关系及其影响因素。根据效用平衡点的变化分析了索赔产生的机理，并从理论上解释了现实中工程界存在的“中标靠低价，盈利靠索赔”现象。     

信号控制模型中利益分配问题的研究

设计了一个平衡约束条件下信号控制与平衡网络设计组合问题的多目标规划模型，然后使用效用函数法将有双目标的上层优化问题转化为一个单目标优化问题．在这种情况下，该模型变成一个标准的双层规划模型。并利用全局优化方法模拟退火算法和惩罚函数法相结合求解．     

Bottleneck model revisited: An activity-based perspective

The timing of commuting trips made during morning and evening peaks has typically been investigated using Vickrey’s bottleneck model. However, in the conventional trip-based approach, the decisions that commuters make during the day about their activity schedules and time use are not explicitly considered. This study extends the bottleneck model to address the scheduling problem of commuters’ morning home-to-work and evening work-to-home journeys by using an activity-based approach. A day-long activity-travel scheduling model is proposed for the simultaneous determination of departure times for morning and evening commutes, together with allocations of time during the day among travel and activities undertaken at home or at the workplace. The proposed model maximizes the total net utility of the home-based tour, which is the difference between the benefits derived from participating in activities and the disutility incurred by travel between activity locations. The properties of the model solution are analytically explored and compared with the conventional bottleneck model for a special case with constant marginal-activity utility. For the case with linear marginal-activity utility, we develop a heuristic procedure to seek the equilibrium scheduling solution. We also explore the effects of marginal-work utility (or the employees’ average wage level) and of flexible work-hour schemes on the scheduling problem in relation to the morning and evening commuting tours.     

中等城市综合管廊建设规模选择及关键性技术问题研究

为了更好地适应城市快速发展的需求,城市配套管网建设进程日益加快,传统的管线埋设方式给施工及后期维护造成了极大的困难,也给城市居民生活带来许多不便。城市地下综合管廊,作为城市基础建设的一个重要部分,能有效解决地下管线所带来的负面影响,对城市的规划与发展至关重要。中等城市,城市规模较小,经济水平受限,应合理地选择综合管廊建设规模,处理好社会经济与城市发展需求间矛盾。结合湖北省潜江市兴盛路综合管廊工程对上述问题进行了分析,并针对管廊建设过程中的一些关键性技术问题进行了研究。     

Stated choices and benefit estimates in the context of traffic calming schemes: Utility maximization,regret minimization,or both?

This paper proposes a discrete mixture model which assigns individuals, up to a probability, to either a class of random utility (RU) maximizers or a class of random regret (RR) minimizers, on the basis of their sequence of observed choices. Our proposed model advances the state of the art of RU–RR mixture models by (i) adding and simultaneously estimating a membership model which predicts the probability of belonging to a RU or RR class; (ii) adding a layer of random taste heterogeneity within each behavioural class; and (iii) deriving a welfare measure associated with the RU–RR mixture model and consistent with referendum-voting, which is the adequate mechanism of provision for such local public goods. The context of our empirical application is a stated choice experiment concerning traffic calming schemes. We find that the random parameter RU–RR mixture model not only outperforms its fixed coefficient counterpart in terms of fit—as expected—but also in terms of plausibility of membership determinants of behavioural class. In line with psychological theories of regret, we find that, compared to respondents who are familiar with the choice context (i.e. the traffic calming scheme), unfamiliar respondents are more likely to be regret minimizers than utility maximizers.     

预制综合管廊橡胶密封垫受压性能研究及断面设计

为解决预制综合管廊橡胶密封垫断面形式对橡胶密封垫压缩性能的影响问题,基于橡胶密封垫压缩试验,结合通用有限元数值模拟软件MSC.Marc,将试验结果与数值模拟结果进行对比,证明采用有限元方法模拟橡胶压缩过程以及分析橡胶密封垫受压性能的可靠性。然后,利用有限元软件MSC.Marc探讨不同开槽和开孔形式对橡胶密封垫受压性能的影响。结果表明： 1）当橡胶密封垫的压缩度为50%时,随着开槽面积和开孔面积的增大,接触应力以及装配力减小; 2）当开槽面积相同时,接触应力和装配力受开槽数量的影响较小,受开槽形状的影响较大; 3）当开孔面积相同时,开孔数量以及排列方式对接触应力和装配力有一定的影响。     

综合管廊绿色建造的有效途径

针对城市综合管廊建设形势和存在的问题,提出综合管廊绿色建造理念,即在综合管廊的规划、设计和施工全过程中,在保证施工安全和质量的同时,通过科学管理和技术进步,提高资源利用效率,节约资源和能源,减少污染,保护环境,实现可持续发展的工程建设生产活动。从绿色规划、绿色设计和绿色施工3个实现手段入手,详细论述实现城市综合管廊绿色建造的途径,并基于绿色建造理念,总结集约化设计技术、断面设计技术、结构施工技术、预制装配技术、防水施工技术和基坑支护技术等6大绿色建造技术。最后对绿色建造的未来发展趋势进行展望。