基于双元制校企合作的新能源汽车专业人才培养模式研究

双元制指的是用人单位和培养单位双方签订用人协议,制定人才培养方案,有效利用双方的资源优势进行人才培养.基于此,本文以新能源汽车专业为研究对象,对基于双元制的校企合作人才培养模式进行了探索,以供参考.     

城市地下综合管廊与地铁车站出地面口部整合设计研究

结合城市发展中对地下空间集约化利用和改善地面景观环境的要求,在推进城市地下综合管廊与地铁同步建设的过程中,有必要实现综合管廊节点与地铁车站出地面口部整合设计。整合设计避免地下空间利用出现矛盾和相互干扰,有利于美化城市景观、增强城市地下空间利用率,促进城市集约高效和转型发展,提高城市综合承载能力和城镇化发展质量。首先梳理综合管廊节点、地铁车站附属设施分类,根据分类将管廊节点与地铁车站附属设施进行组合。通过分析各口部功能,初步得出48种口部组合方式。在统筹考虑组合方式对通风功能及人员进出功能影响的基础上,最终提出4类、共14种整合思路,并结合具体案例分析整合优势。研究成果能够为后续类似工程设计提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

基于粒子群优化卡尔曼滤波的水下机器人信号处理

在卡尔曼滤波的基础上,引入粒子群优化算法,对卡尔曼滤波方法进行改进,提出基于粒子群优化的卡尔曼滤波器模型,从而提高水下机器人测量数据的精度,降低系统噪声和量测噪声所带来的误差。水池仿真试验结果表明改进的滤波方法有效、实用。     

A dynamic lane-changing trajectory planning model for automated vehicles

This paper focuses on the lane-changing trajectory planning (LTP) process in the automatic driving technologies. Existing studies on the LTP algorithms are primarily the static planning method in which the states of the surrounding vehicles of a lane-changing vehicle are assumed to keep unchanged in the whole lane-changing process. However, in real-world traffic, the velocities of the surrounding vehicles change dynamically, and the lane-changing vehicle needs to adjust its velocity and positions correspondingly in real-time to maintain safety. To address such limitations, the dynamic lane-changing trajectory planning (DLTP) model is proposed in the limited literature. This paper proposes a novel DLTP model consisting of the lane-changing starting-point determination module, trajectory decision module and trajectory generation module. The model adopts a time-independent polynomial trajectory curve to avoid the unrealistic assumptions on lane-changing velocities and accelerations in the existing DLTP model. Moreover, a rollover-avoidance algorithm and a collision-avoidance algorithm containing a reaction time are presented to guarantee the lane-changing safety of automated vehicles, even in an emergent braking situation. The field lane-changing data from NGSIM data are used to construct a real traffic environment for lane-changing vehicles and verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, and CarSim is applied to investigate the traceability of the planned lane-changing trajectories using the proposed model. The results indicate that an automated vehicle can complete the lane-changing process smoothly, efficiently and safely following the trajectory planned by the proposed model, and the planned velocity and trajectory can be well-tracked by automated vehicles.     

A platoon based cooperative eco-driving model for mixed automated and human-driven vehicles at a signalised intersection

The advancements in communication and sensing technologies can be exploited to assist the drivers in making better decisions. In this paper, we consider the design of a real-time cooperative eco-driving strategy for a group of vehicles with mixed automated vehicles (AVs) and human-driven vehicles (HVs). The lead vehicles in the platoon can receive the signal phase and timing information via vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication and the traffic states of both the preceding vehicle and current platoon via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. We propose a receding horizon model predictive control (MPC) method to minimise the fuel consumption for platoons and drive the platoons to pass the intersection on a green phase. The method is then extended to dynamic platoon splitting and merging rules for cooperation among AVs and HVs in response to the high variation in urban traffic flow. Extensive simulation tests are also conducted to demonstrate the performance of the model in various conditions in the mixed traffic flow and different penetration rates of AVs. Our model shows that the cooperation between AVs and HVs can further smooth out the trajectory of the latter and reduce the fuel consumption of the entire traffic system, especially for the low penetration of AVs. It is noteworthy that the proposed model does not compromise the traffic efficiency and the driving comfort while achieving the eco-driving strategy.     

基于变权值令牌环模型的UUV推进系统网络研究

本文针对UUV(无人水下航行器)推进系统搭建了Modbus通信网络,实现对航行器电力推进系统的网络控制。由于标准的Modbus通信协议具有实时性较低的问题,提出了一种具有优先级的令牌环模型,通过令牌传递的方式协调各从站并行处理数据,从而大大减少了网络通信的延时。在此基础上扩展出了变权值令牌环模型,可满足应对不同工况及时修改各从站延时的需求,并能以牺牲一定的传输实时性为代价避免处理大量数据时低优先级从站数据彻底丢包的现象出现。仿真实验验证了所提出的Modbus改进模型的有效性。     

Locating refuelling stations for alternative fuel vehicles: a review on models and applications

The recent concerns on environmental issues have expedited the technological development of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), but the deployment of AFVs still remains at the initial stage mainly because of the lack of refuelling facilities. Recognising this, researchers have conducted various studies, proposing a variety of approaches to strategically locating refuelling stations. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the approaches, focusing more on applications than computational issues. The review identifies two main elements of the approaches: location modelling and refuelling demand estimation. Examining how the elements were handled in refuelling location studies, this paper suggests that future refuelling location models should properly reflect the intricate and various perspectives of three major AFV stakeholders: drivers, government agencies and refuelling service providers. This study is expected to help researchers efficiently set up their refuelling location problems and identify critical factors for seeking the solutions.     

Routing and charging locations for electric vehicles for intercity trips

This study addresses two problems in the context of battery electric vehicles (EVs) for intercity trips: the EV routing problem and the EV optimal charging station location problem (CSLP). The paper shows that EV routing on the shortest path subject to range feasibility for one origin–destination (O–D) pair, called the shortest walk problem (SWP), as well as a stronger version of the problem – the p-stop limited SWP – can be reduced to solving the shortest path problem on an auxiliary network. The paper then addresses optimal CSLPs in which EVs are range feasible with and without p-stops. We formulate the models as mixed-integer multi-commodity flow problems on the same auxiliary network without path and relay pattern enumeration. Benders decomposition is used to propose an exact solution approach. Numerical experiments are conducted using the Indiana state network.     

Investigating travel utility elements in association with travel time and mode choice: the case of Seoul,South Korea

In this paper, travel utility is conceptualized into the elements of disutility, or derived utility, and positive utility, which includes synergistic and intrinsic utility, and then analyzed in terms of the effects of these elements on weekly travel time according to three travel modes – the automobile, public transit, and nonmotorized modes – and on the choice of the annually most used mode. Linear regressions on mode-specific travel time and a multinomial logistic regression on mode choice show that, compared to life situation and land-use characteristics, utility elements are among the strongest travel determinants. Specifically, while some utility elements contribute exclusively to shifting the mode of travel and others to increasing nonmotorized travel, modal shift is most strongly affected by a disutility element, trip timeliness, and the increase in nonmotorized travel by a positive utility element, amenities.     

Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, the current market penetration of EV is relatively low in spite of many governments implementing strong promotion policies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. First, we compare the economic and psychological approach towards this topic, followed by a conceptual framework of EV preferences which is then implemented to organise our review. We also briefly review the modelling techniques applied in the selected studies. Estimates of consumer preferences for financial, technical, infrastructure and policy attributes are then reviewed. A categorisation of influential factors for consumer preferences into groups such as socio-economic variables, psychological factors, mobility condition, social influence, etc. is then made and their effects are elaborated. Finally, we discuss a research agenda to improve EV consumer preference studies and give recommendations for further research.

Abbreviations: AFV: alternative fuel vehicle; BEV: battery electric vehicle; CVs: conventional vehicles; EVs: electric vehicles; FCV: fuel cell vehicle; HCM: hybrid choice model; HEV: hybrid electric vehicle (non plug-in); HOV: high occupancy vehicle; MNL: MultiNomial logit; MXL: MiXed logit model; PHEV: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; RP: revealed preference; SP: stated preference.