A3T材质车轴产品试制工艺研究及性能分析

A3T是BS 5892-1标准中一种调质车轴材质,文中研究了基于A3T材质的车轴产品的试制工艺,通过控制化学成分、电弧炉熔炼、炉外精炼、真空脱气处理、保护浇铸及轧制成型、车轴经快锻机锻造以及悬挂式电加热炉热处理等过程工艺,制定出了合理的工艺参数,生产的车轴综合性能良好,其力学性能达到了BS 5892-1标准要求,该产品填补了国内空白。     

基于公交IC卡信息的城市公交满载率指标计算方法

为减少传统城市公交满载率指标测算过程的人力投入并提高指标计算结果的准确性，利用公交IC卡刷卡信息、公交GPS信息、公交站点信息和公交车辆信息，通过各类信息衔接分析，提出了基于公交IC卡的公交满载率指标计算思路。采用MYSQL搭建分析数据库，通过编程代码自动关联识别和快速分析大数据，计算出城市公交线路的满载率指标值。通过案例分析发现，相比传统公交满载率调查方法，基于公交IC卡信息的公交满载率指标计算能找到更精确的最大客流断面、得出更精确的计算结果，并且运算过程更高效，能有效节约人力，可为同类城市测算城市公交满载率指标、分析城市公交乘客的出行特征提供参考。     

Investigations on the ship-ice impact: Part 1. Experimental methodologies

In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations.     

双体甲板运输船波浪载荷

以某双体甲板运输船为例,使用DNV船级社的SESAM软件对其波浪载荷进行直接计算分析,并对比分析了采用“规范方法”与“直接计算方法”得到的波浪载荷值。结果表明,该双体甲板运输船属于低速排水型船,其波浪载荷的计算方法与高速双体船差别较大,“规范方法”主要适用于高速双体船及尺度较小的低速双体船。对于船长为60m及以上的低速双体船,采用“直接计算方法”更能准确地计算出其波浪载荷。     

磁浮铁路技术标准体系研究北大核心

磁浮铁路作为一种新型轨道交通系统,是未来铁路建设发展的重要方向。磁浮铁路技术标准体系是铁路行业标准体系的重要组成部分,在规范和引领磁浮铁路发展中发挥基础性作用。本文梳理了国内外磁浮铁路技术发展情况,介绍了磁浮铁路工程的系统组成及专业构成。根据国家铁路局发布的《铁路标准化“十三五”发展规划》,分析了现有适应轮轨铁路建设的铁路行业标准体系的特点。通过比较分析,明确了磁浮铁路技术标准体系的定位及建设原则,提出将磁浮铁路技术标准体系分为工程建设标准、装备产品标准和运营服务标准三大板块,并根据工程建设阶段及各标准作用的不同,将工程建设标准细分为基础、综合、专业、管理四类三个层级,进而形成系统结构完备、统一协调高效、科学先进适用的磁浮铁路技术标准体系。最后给出磁浮铁路技术标准体系建设和标准编制建议。     

Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

完善地铁实体工程防水质量评定及验收标准研究

防水是地铁实体工程中的一项重要内容,直接影响着地铁的运营环境、结构耐久性及运营安全。文章通过分析现有工程质量评定和验收标准存在的弊端,结合实际地铁实体工程防水质量现场检测方法和技术路线,提出完善其质量评定及验收标准的思路,以期提高地铁实体工程的防水质量,保障地铁的运营安全。     

0.1N～20N气浮式力标准机的设计分析

0.1N～20N静重式力标准机采用了新型砝码加载机构,实现了砝码的自动、稳定加载。此外,装置采用自行研制的气浮轴承作为支撑,并对气浮轴承进行了性能试验,满足性能要求,成功取代传统的刀口支撑,大大减少了摩擦扭矩,提高了装置的准确度。     

地铁隧道下穿既有铁路基础变形控制标准研究

地铁隧道下穿既有铁路施工时,线路基础变形会引起轨道几何尺寸发生变化,从而影响运营安全。首先,基于地铁隧道下穿既有有砟轨道线路路基的工程实际,建立有限元模型对地铁隧道下穿既有铁路变形规律进行分析。然后,以既有线路的轨道高低容许偏差管理值为依据,制定不同速度等级、不同埋深条件下铁路基础变形的控制标准和下穿施工时的沉降速率控制标准,为类似工程沉降控制标准的制定和施工安全管理提供参考。     

砂质海床特性对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响

砂质海床特性极大地影响波浪与海工单桩基础结构的相互作用,而将多孔介质海床简化为刚性、不可渗透固体海床,忽视了多孔介质海床对波浪能量的影响。研究砂质海床孔隙率、介质颗粒平均粒径对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响,设计5种不同海床特性的波浪水槽试验。研究结果表明:在相同波浪条件下,砂质海床结构内部的孔隙流对波浪能量产生衰减作用,随着颗粒直径的增大,波浪能量衰减愈加明显,单桩所受波浪荷载越小。当海床孔隙率较小,海床结构内部水流运动微弱,多孔结构对波浪消能作用不明显。当海床孔隙率进一步增加,海床结构内部水流运动增强,多孔结构对波浪消能作用显著,单桩所受波浪荷载明显减弱。