轻型汽油车实际行驶污染物排放的影响因素

为了研究车辆冷起动、行程动力学参数和不同数据处理方法对实际行驶排放(RDE)试验的影响,本文利用4辆轻型汽油车进行试验研究,通过CO2移动平均窗口法和欧6新方法进行排放计算。结果表明:冷起动对CO和NOx排放影响偏差均在10%以内,对于未装配汽油机颗粒捕集器(GPF)车辆的市区PN排放影响偏差最大可达32.25%,在国6车型标定时应重点关注。相对正向加速度(RPA)与PN排放成正相关,与CO、NOx排放相关性不明显;v*apos,95(速度与正向加速度乘积按升序排序的第95个百分位取值)与CO、PN排放成正相关,与NOx排放成负相关,与CO和PN的相关系数大于与NOx的相关系数。对于同一个有效行程的污染物排放计算结果,欧6新方法大于CO2移动平均窗口法,欧6新方法能更加真实地反映车辆在RDE试验中的污染物排放水平。     

某商用车柴油滤清器的加热器优化开发及验证

商用车燃油供给系统中的柴油滤清器作用是为发动机提供足够的、干净的柴油。在对某商用车的柴油滤清器进行台架试验时,发现其额定功率为360 W的环形加热器加热性能尚有可优化空间,因此在原有柴油滤清器的基础上针对加热器进行了优化,结果加热性能得到很大提高。对此种方案进行试验验证,说明此优化方案在提高柴油滤清器的加热性能上有很大效果。通过加装优化后的加热器,配合使用-35号柴油,优化的滤清器方案能够保证柴油滤清器在低温环境、内部0号柴油结蜡的异常情况下,使滤清器短时间内达到正常工作状态,然后切换0号柴油,滤清器内未再结蜡。     

单体泵柴油机起动过程控制策略研究

为减小柴油机起动过程中的磨损,同时兼顾排放,设计了基于Ramp控制的单体泵柴油机起动控制策略。试验表明,选用合适的初始喷油量、起动Ramp数值和起动供油提前角等起动参数后,可实现单体泵柴油机可靠起动,烟度可控制在0.5 m-1以内。     

基于循环控制的点燃式LPG—甲醇发动机冷起动性能研究

针对进气道电控喷射点燃式LPG—甲醇发动机,基于循环控制方法研究了LPG与甲醇循环喷射量质量比、LPG迟后甲醇喷射时刻和环境温度对LPG—甲醇发动机冷起动性能的影响。试验结果表明,加大LPG与甲醇循环喷射量质量比,LPG—甲醇发动机冷起动可靠性提高;合理控制LPG迟后甲醇的喷射时刻可获得良好的LPG—甲醇发动机起动性能;环境温度降低,需加大LPG与甲醇循环喷射量质量比才可确保LPG—甲醇发动机可靠起动。     

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.     

轿车冷起动/暖机工况排放优化

根据欧3/欧4排放法规的要求,对捷达/宝来轿车装备的1.6L2VRSH型发动机冷起动/暖机工况排放进行了优化。通过采取合理选择催化转换器、空燃比标定优化、调整点火提前角、加装二次空气系统等措施,可使1.6L2VRSH型发动机分别满足欧3、欧4排放标准。     

浅析射频识别技术在汽车上的应用

射频识别技术RFID最早可以追溯到上世纪五十年代,至今已有超过七十年的历史,RFID兼具高效、实时、简易等特点被广泛应用于交通运输、零售业、物流、门禁安保等各领域,回首看去射频识别技术依然如火如荼,很多领域应用有待继续深究与开发.本文主要从汽车防盗技术角度,分射频识别技术、无钥匙进入及启动系统、故障分析三个维度进行简要...     

发动机台架模拟汽油车冷启动排放特性研究

在发动机模拟实验台架上研究了采用不同的催化转化器和不同布置方案的后处理系统对低温启动过程中排放特性的影响。研究结果表明：-7℃冷启动过程中,催化转化器前移、选用较高活性的催化转化器和加装前级催化转化器都会不同程度地降低冷启动排放。其中采用低起燃温度催化转化器近距离布置,可以使两循环内的THC（总HC排放物）排放量减少约38％;采用两级催化转化器,可使THC排放量减少约47％。     

怠速空气温控阀在摩托车上的应用

将怠速空气温控阀应用在骑式和弯梁摩托车上时,可大大提高摩托车的冷机起动、过渡和加速性能,摩托车发动机和化油器结构设计改动较小,成本增加也少,很值得在骑式和弯梁摩托车上推广使用。     

女大学生创业的阻碍因素及对策研究

自从1999年实行高校扩招以来,高校大学生人数急剧增加,女生比例也呈现递增趋势,而女大学生就业难的问题也日益凸显.为摆脱就业困境,一些女大学生选择了一条自主创业之路.然而,女大学生创业同样面临重重困难,这些困难既有来自内部的,也有来自外部的,诸如创业环境不佳,社会传统观念的束缚,创业教育的缺失等.优化创业环境,加强女性创业教育,转变传统观念,提高女大学生创业意识对突破女大学生就业困境有着重要意义.