Construction of a stochastic model of track geometry irregularities and validation through experimental measurements of dynamic loading

This paper describes the construction of a stochastic model of urban railway track geometry irregularities, based on experimental data. The considered irregularities are track gauge, superelevation, horizontal and vertical curvatures. They are modelled as random fields whose statistical properties are extracted from a large set of on-track measurements of the geometry of an urban railway network. About 300–1000 terms are used in the Karhunen–Loève/Polynomial Chaos expansions to represent the random fields with appropriate accuracy. The construction of the random fields is then validated by comparing on-track measurements of the contact forces and numerical dynamics simulations for different operational conditions (train velocity and car load) and horizontal layouts (alignment, curve). The dynamics simulations are performed both with and without randomly generated geometrical irregularities for the track. The power spectrum densities obtained from the dynamics simulations with the model of geometrical irregularities compare extremely well with those obtained from the experimental contact forces. Without irregularities, the spectrum is 10–50?dB too low.     

船舶舱室噪声预报的方法

对船舶舱室噪声预报的各种方法进行了较详细的阐述,并结合某型实船介绍了以统计能量法进行舱室噪声预报及改进设计研究的方法,可为今后船舶开发提供相关参考依据.     

DTM在高速公路设计中的精度验证及应用分析

介绍数字地面模型(DTM,简称数模)的理论、类型,并结合省内高速公路中数模的使用情况,对利用数模采集数据与利用传统测量方法(GPS、全站仪等)采集数据的方法、结果进行针对性比较验证,分析得出现行数模技术在高速公路勘察设计中的应用范围,使用注意事项及数模本身存在的问题。     

基于统计能量法的轻型客车降噪处理

针对某轻型客车噪声较大的问题，尝试使用统计能量法进行能量流分析．找出对车内噪声贡献较大的部位，并采取较为经济的措施，得到良好的降噪效果。     

Computational precision of traffic equilibria sensitivities in automatic network design and road pricing

Recent studies demonstrate the importance of computational precision of user equilibrium traffic assignment solutions for scenario comparisons. When traffic assignment is hierarchically embedded in a model for network design and/or road pricing, not only the precision of the solution itself becomes more important, but also the precision of its derivatives with respect to the design parameters should be considered.The main purpose of this paper is to present a method for precise computations of equilibrium derivatives. Numerical experiments are used for two evaluations: (1) precision of computed equilibrium derivatives for a medium-size network (Anaheim); and (2) the impact of precise derivatives on capacity-expansion solution quality for a small network (Sioux Falls).     

Estimating the willingness to pay and value of risk reduction for car occupants in the road environment

In recent years there has been a re-focus on the valuation of a statistical life from the ex post or human capital method to an ex ante willingness to pay (WTP) approach. This is in part a recognition that we may have been undervaluing the cost of fatalities and injuries to society associated with crashes, but also a strong belief in the need to focus on establishing the amount, ex ante, that individuals are willing to pay to reduce the risk of exposure to circumstances that might lead to death or degree of injury on the road network. This study has developed a framework in which to identify the degree of preference heterogeneity in willingness to pay by individuals who are drivers or passengers in cars to avoid being killed or injured. A stated choice experiment approach is developed. The empirical setting is a choice of route for a particular trip that a sample of individuals periodically undertakes in Australia. The particular trip is described in enough detail to provide the respondent with a familiar market environment, providing all the relevant background information required for making a decision. Mixed logit models are estimated to obtain the marginal (dis)utilities associated with each influence on the choice amongst the attribute packages offered in the stated choice scenarios. These estimates are used to obtain the WTP distributions for fatality and injury avoidance, which are then aggregated to obtain estimates of the value of risk reduction (VRR), of which the fatality class is also known as the value of a statistical life (VSL).     

影响柴油机燃烧性能参数测试精度的因素

该文分析了影响柴油机燃烧性能参数测试精度的因素及干扰产生的根源等 ,并对此提出了解决的办法。     

模型的某些简化对船舶舱室噪声预报的影响研究

本文以某化学品油船为目标船舶,利用VA One软件建立其统计能量分析模型并预报其舱室噪声,随后对模型进行了某些简化,研究了液舱内的液体介质和双层底结构的改变对舱室噪声预报的影响.研究结果表明液舱内的液体介质和双层底的具体结构形式对于舱室的噪声影响很小,可以不予考虑,今后在建立船舶的统计能量分析模型时,可以将双层底简化为一个大的声腔,从而减少建模工作量,提高效率.     

海洋平台生活区通风管路系统噪声预报

针对海洋平台通风管路系统噪声进行研究,基于数值方法对通风系统管路流激噪声进行了计算,并与管路风机传递噪声的影响进行了对比,给出了通风管路系统噪声特性规律。采用CFD方法建立通风管路系统流体动力分析模型,得到风管湍流脉动压力;在此基础上,建立通风系统管路及典型平台房间噪声预报的统计能量分析模型,开展了特征参数对通风系统管路激流噪声的影响分析,并对风机传递噪声进行了研究。结果表明,风管流量与风管流激噪声直接相关,风机传递噪声对风机附近舱室有较大影响,距风机较远处管路噪声仍以流激噪声为主。     

69.8m三用工作船的噪声预报与控制

对69.8 m三用工作船的主要噪声源进行优化控制,基于统计能量法进行舱室噪声预报,根据预报结果对目标舱室采取针对性降噪措施。实船验证结果显示,该船满足HAB入级要求,取得ABS证书。该研究方法和结论对于现阶段国内船厂所面临的降噪难题有较大的应用参考价值。