水线面大开口型工程船的阻力试验和节能措施

文章通过船模试验研究了水线面大开口型工程船的静水阻力和波浪阻力特性。结果显示,水线面大开口型工程船的艏艉开槽大大增加了船体的静水阻力,但对船体波浪增阻的影响却并不明显。同时,用模型试验和实船试验共同验证了此类船舶航行时双舵内偏一个角度能明显提高航速,是一项有效的节能措施。     

基于遗传算法的最小阻力船型优化设计

遗传算法是一种全局最优化算法,它能够克服传统优化方法的缺点和不足,从而获得全局最优解。因此,为了获得阻力性能更好的优良船型,将遗传算法进行适当改进并用于船型优化中,进行最小阻力船型优化设计,以非线性兴波阻力理论(Rankine源法)为基础,利用遗传算法并结合CAD技术进行船型优化设计。在优化过程中,把总阻力作为目标函数,设计变量取船型修改函数的参数,确保排水量为基本约束条件下,对船体前半体型线进行优化研究。选取某高速巡逻艇作为初始船型进行优化计算,获得的最优船型总阻力降低了13.1%,兴波阻力降低了21.7%,表明遗传算法用于船体线型优化设计是行之有效的。     

船舶操舵仪仿真系统数学建模

考虑到船舶操舵仪是船舶操纵人员培训的重要工具,准确的数学模型是实现设计目标的关键,建立三自由度船舶运动模型和液压舵机模型,并进行仿真计算,验证模型的准确性,说明该模型可以提高培训效果.     

基于小生境遗传算法的单体船船型参数优化

针对船型参数优化中变量众多的特点,提出了一种基于小生境遗传算法和Holtrop总阻力计算公式的单体船船型参数优化方法.该方法中以总阻力作为目标函数,以主要船型参数为优化变量,在保持排水量不变的情况下优化主要船型参数,得出修长系数、水线面系数和宽吃水比均能收敛到相应的临界值,因此优化时可优先确定这些参数值.采用该方法对DTMB5415船的船型参数进行了优化,结果显示优化后的船型总阻力性能要明显优于原船型.该方法对于单体船船型参数优化具有较强的实用性.     

Routing and scheduling of RoRo ships with stowage constraints

Roll-on/Roll-off ships are used for international transport of vehicles and other rolling equipment. We consider the problem where a ship sails between two geographical regions, picking up cargo in the first and making deliveries to the second. Several variations are considered with optional cargoes, flexible cargo quantities, and ship stability restrictions. Decisions must be made regarding the route and schedule of the ship as well as the stowage of cargo onboard. The problem is modeled as a mixed integer program, which has been solved using Xpress. In addition, a tailor made heuristic procedure is built using components from tabu search and squeaky wheel optimization. Extensive computational results are presented, showing that the heuristic is able to handle realistically sized problem instances.     

高速三体船阻力性能研究

对中体和侧体均为Wigley船型的高速三体船模在Fr=0.1～0.8时3个横向偏距、5个纵向偏距共15个状态进行了阻力试验,将高速三体船线性兴波阻力理论计算结果与模型试验结果进行了比较,并据模型试验结果分析了横向偏距和纵向偏距对兴波阻力系数的影响,其中各状态的形状因子(1 K)按普鲁哈斯卡法确定,对形状因子与偏距的关系也进行了探讨.     

Why do paratransit operators resist participation in bus rapid transit? Case evidence from Bogota,Mexico City,Johannesburg and Lagos

ABSTRACT

Public transport in cities of the Global South is mainly provided by paratransit operators who self-regulate their services in the absence of adequate formal transport supply and due to weak or no formal regulatory framework and enforcement. Paratransit operators compete with each other for passengers as every passenger translates into profit. Governments in the Global South have sought to reform public transport services through Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) to regulate and ensure efficiency, address the problems of drivers competition and negative externalities associated with paratransit operations. Paratransit operators have been considered as one of the barriers to public transport reforms such as BRT without much consideration for their style of operations. This neglect has contributed to their resistance and low interest in participating in BRT and has even led to opposition. Consequently, non-consideration of incumbent operators in the implementation of transit reforms has been one important reason for delay or failure in their introduction. In this study, we identify reasons why paratransit operators resist and show low interest in BRT even in situations where public institutions have opted not to replace them but rather invite them to participate in the reforms. The basis is a case study analysis of four cities with different characteristics and different BRT implementation strategies where paratransit operators showed resistance and low interest to participate. We identify (1) loss of autonomy, flexibility and established practices/routines, (2) financial and economic risk avoidance and (3) lack of trust in governments who initiate reforms as a basis for their resistance and low interest. These findings are theoretically substantiated by organisational management and social psychology concepts that explain resistance to change. Understanding and recognising these reasons may help planners in designing more appropriate strategies for paratransit reforms.     

三塔斜拉桥受横桥向风载时的计算方法

应用平面杆系有限元计算程序代替了空间有限元计算程序 ,阐述了对三塔斜拉桥受横向风载时的计算步骤和计算方法 ,具有概念清楚 ,计算简单和易于掌握的优点。     

基于虚拟现实技术的叉车操作训练模拟器研究

为了适应现阶段叉车司机培训的需要,进一步提高培训水平,在现代虚拟现实技术的引领下,深入研究了叉车操作模拟训练技术,分析了叉车工作机构的功能及操作要求,明确了训练仿真机的功能和结构,进行了虚拟环境的设计,开发了仿真机的软硬件,完成了叉车操作模拟训练器的研制,成果经过实际检验效果很好。     

高转矩密度多相感应电机的理论与试验研究

本文通过理论分析,提出了感应电机提高转矩密度的实现途径。并通过理论推导,对利用谐波提高转矩密度进行了定性的理论分析。最后,通过有限元仿真和样机试验对比分析,对注入谐波提高转矩密度展开了验证,试验结果验证了部分理论的正确性。