三种减少直流断路器的船舶中压直流电网拓扑结构及性能比较

为保护整流变换器及减少短路时电网中电容放电的影响,船舶中压直流电网中存在大量断路器,造成结构复杂成本高,为此本文提出三种结构的变换器,即基于级联H桥与多端DC/DC的结构(TMPDC),基于MMC整流与逆变的多级调压结构(MVR)和基于不控整流与模块化多电平变换器(MMC)驱动负载结合的结构(UR-MMC)。本文对三种结构的组成与特点进行了分析,并在电压谐波,功耗,体积,故障特性等方面进行了比较,最后通过仿真进一步阐述了不同结构在运行波形上的差异。通过各结构的特性分析,为中压直流电网在船舶上的应用提供了参考。     

一种恶劣天气下高速公路车流稳健控制方式

高速公路的安全运营受恶劣天气影响显著,尤其是在极端恶劣的天气情况下。在车辆跟驰理论的基础上提出了一种车流控制方式,并结合车间距和车流安全的影响因素,推导得出了恶劣天气下能见度与高速公路安全行车速度的关系。研究为恶劣天气条件下高速公路的不间断安全运营提供了理论依据。     

Sharing costs in Swedish road ownership associations

Usually transport systems, and roads in particular, are viewed as public goods. However, this is not always the case. In Sweden a large part of the road system is privately owned. Most of these privately owned roads are rural roads used by farmers and summer cottage owners, or used for forest transport. These roads are mainly provided by ownership associations.An important difference between public roads and these privately owned roads is that all investments- and maintenance decisions are made by the users themselves, who also have to pay the costs, whereas the usual case is that the owners/providers of a road-system are different agents than the users. Here the question is not how to charge the roads but how to split the costs of the roads among the users in an efficient and “fair” way.The motivation of this paper is the practical problem of how such an ownership association can divide the costs for the road network among the members in an efficient and “fair” way. The problem is treated from a game theoretical point of view, making use of the Shapley value. This means that the problem is associated with a game - a mathematical representation of the conflict situation. The Shapley value is a very important solution concept for cooperative games, like the game in this case. For games corresponding to this specific type of problems, it is shown that the Shapley value has excellent properties, such as beeing an element of the core, and beeing very easy to compute.     

基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化研究

文章针对城市交通信号控制中的动态路径优化问题,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距和路段交通饱和度两个参数的影响,提出了一种基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化算法模型,并通过仿真实验,对比分析了该算法模型的有效性。     

城市交通系统通行性影响因素及计算理论

文章分析了震后城市交通系统通行性的影响因素,提出了包含路段单元通行概率、路段连通概率及路网连通概率的城市交通系统通行性计算理论,为城市路网的连通可靠性评价提供参考。     

养护施工总承包模式下业主与承包商的博弈分析

文章以博弈论为理论基础,分析了养护施工总承包模式下业主与总承包商的博弈关系,提出了引导双方采用合理的策略以获得最大利益及保证工程产品达到较高质量水平的博弈对策,为养护施工总承包工程的管理和施工提供方法借鉴。     

地下工程平衡稳定理论再研究

目前,地下工程结构在计算分析方面主要采用传统松弛荷载理论（类似荷载结构法）和数值分析法;在合理结构构造、施工工法等方面主要采用岩承理论（类似地层结构法）,这些已有理论或方法隐含“变形协调控制”假定,实际应用中往往将这些假定忽视,因而需进一步发展新的理论方法以适应实际应用的需求。在大量工程实践和试验的基础上,揭示地下工程有效承载结构层与围岩荷载转移规律之间的关联性,建立地下工程平衡稳定理论,此理论既能反映传统“松弛荷载理论”和现代“岩承理论”的基本内容,又能拓宽平衡稳定性等内容,是地下工程平衡稳定性的新认识、新理念; 同时提出能量控制技术、预支护技术、受力独立性综合技术、变形协调控制技术4项关键技术。将这些技术合理地运用到实际工程施工中,将便于利用已有或新成果分类预防和控制地下工程质量和安全,为解决新型地下工程问题提供新的依据。     

Incorporating the extended theory of planned behavior in a school travel mode choice model: a case study of Shaoxing,China

Travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents. Therefore, understanding school travel mode choice behavior is essential to find policy-oriented approaches to optimizing school travel mode share. Recent research suggests that psychological factors of parents play a significant role in school travel mode choice behavior and the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model has been used to test the effect of psychological constructs on mode choice behavior. However, little research has used a systematic framework of behavioral theory to organize these psychological factors and investigate their internal relationships. This paper proposes an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to delve into the psychological factors caused by the effects of adults’ cognition and behavioral habits and explores the factors’ relationship paradigm. A theoretical framework of travel mode choice behavior for students in China is constructed. We established the MIMIC model that accommodates latent variables from ETPB. We found that not all the psychological latent variables have significant effects on school travel mode choice behavior, but habit can play an essential role. The results provide theoretical support for demand policies for school travel.     

Direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem

This paper proposes simple and direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem. It is only necessary to account for random variables independent of link flows by performing a simple transformation of the perceived link travel time with a normal distribution. At every iteration of a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, the values of the random variables are sampled based on their probability distributions, and then a regular deterministic user equilibrium assignment is carried out to produce link flows. The link flows produced at each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation are averaged to yield the final flow pattern. Two test networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithms and the traditional algorithm (the Method of Successive Averages) produce similar results and that the proposed algorithms can be extended to the computation of the case in which the random error term depends on measured travel time.     

一种新型尾滑道式船载小艇收放系统可行性研究

作为一种新型的尾滑道式船载小艇收放系统,在回收小艇时,小艇需要以一定的航速冲上尾滑道。回收能否成功除了受制于驾驶员操作水平等主观因素,还与滑道的涉水深度、小艇与母船尾滑道的运动响应等客观条件有关。本文利用切片理论计算了小艇与母船尾滑道的运动响应,并对3级及4级海况下回收小艇的可行性进行了分析。