实时自适应交通信号控制优化理论模型

通过对交叉路口交通流到达和排队延误规律的研究,提出了一种新的交通信号控制理论,此理论把交通延误和停车次数综合为一个性能指标,称为PI值,建立了以PI值最小为目标的交通信号配时优化理论模型,该信号配时方法与通常采用的单点自适应信号控制方法的区别在于不但考虑了交通延误,而且考虑了停车次数,实现对交通延误和停车次数两个指标的优化,从而保证了以车队形式到达的交通流可以不间断地通过交叉路口,由于以实时交通流的到达规律为依据进行信号优化配时,因此,该信号配时优化模型又是实时自适应交通信号控制优化模型。     

公交中途停靠站站台设置问题实证研究

公交停靠站作为重要的城市公交设施,其设置不合理会导致公交站服务水平低,道路通行能力下降等问题.针对目前城市公交停靠站存在的问题,本文从公交站台设置的形式、方法、位置、站台物理条件及停靠线路五个方面入手,基于这五方面对公交站及公交服务水平的影响,归纳公交站台设置改善措施,并结合实例展开关于公交站设置的实际研究.通过对公交...     

多线路公交停靠站的设置研究

随着大城市交通拥堵问题的日益严重,优先发展公交已经成为一种共识.作为乘客和公交运输服务的基本纽带的多线路公交停靠站在大城市的公交系统中也十分常见.本文从泊位数与站台通行能力之间的关系入手给出了利用停靠站通行能力计算泊位数的方法.利用排队论分析与评价站点能更好地满足高峰时段公交的停靠需求.利用泊位数和站台服务水平的概念可...     

Modeling and optimizing urban bus transit considering headway variation for cost and service reliability analysis

Due to the stochastic nature of traffic conditions and demand fluctuations, it is a challenging task for operators to maintain reliable services, and passengers often suffer from longer travel times. A failure to consider this issue while planning bus services may lead to undesirable results, such as higher costs and a deterioration in level of service. Considering headway variation at route stops, this paper develops a mathematical model to optimize bus stops and dispatching headways that minimize total cost, consisting of both user and operator costs. A Genetic Algorithm is applied to search for a cost-effective solution in a real-world case study of a bus transit system, which improves service reliability in terms of a reduced coefficient of variation of headway.     

Estimation of train dwell time at short stops based on track occupation event data: A study at a Dutch railway station

Train dwell time is one of the most unpredictable components of railway operations, mainly because of the varying volumes of alighting and boarding passengers. However, for reliable estimations of train running times and route conflicts on main lines, it is necessary to obtain accurate estimations of dwell times at the intermediate stops on the main line, the so‐called short stops. This is a great challenge for a more reliable, efficient and robust train operation. Previous research has shown that the dwell time is highly dependent on the number of boarding and alighting passengers. However, these numbers are usually not available in real time. This paper discusses the possibility of a dwell time estimation model at short stops without passenger demand information by means of a statistical analysis of track occupation data from the Netherlands. The analysis showed that the dwell times are best estimated for peak and off‐peak hours separately. The peak‐hour dwell times are estimated using a linear regression model of train length, dwell times at previous stops and dwell times of the preceding trains. The off‐peak‐hour dwell times are estimated using a non‐parametric regression model, in particular, the k‐nearest neighbor model. There are two major advantages of the proposed estimation models. First, the models do not need passenger flow data, which is usually impossible to obtain in real time in practice. Second, detailed parameters of rolling stock configuration and platform layout are not required, which makes the model more generic and eases implementation. A case study at Dutch railway stations shows that the estimation accuracy is 85.8%–88.5% during peak hours and 80.1% during off‐peak hours, which is relatively high. We conclude that the estimation of dwell times at short stop stations without passenger data is possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两种典型公交站点候车时间模型对比研究

乘客候车时间可直接反映公交运输系统的运营状态和服务水平.将常规公交站点分类为是否与轨道交通有衔接,对27路、111路白石桥东站,以及运通105路和87路城铁西直门站进行实地调研,获取各线路晚高峰的乘客候车时间数据,对数据进行拟合与分析.结果表明,客流到站时间分别服从对数正态分布和伽马分布.基于客流到站时间分布函数,反推出乘客候车时间模型,同时对模型进行对比分析,并得出相应结论.     

公共汽车站安全运营评估与改善策略——以深圳市为例

因公共汽车站容量不足、防护设施缺失、距离交叉口过近等问题引发的安全事故日益增多,开展公共汽车站安全运营评估以有效消除安全隐患迫在眉睫。从车站基础设施、安全配套设施、车站空间布局三个方面将公共汽车站安全运营评估的内容划分为7小类22小项。结合对19项相关标准规范条款的梳理与分析,给出车站各要素的参考设计标准。依据标准评估公共汽车站存在的安全隐患,并结合实施条件制定针对性的改善对策。最后,以深圳市东门中路公共汽车站安全改善工程为例,分析改善实施策略。     

城市公交中途站合理规模研究

泊位数与可容纳公交线路数的确定是公交中途站优化设计的重要部分，但国内外相关研究还不成熟。根据武汉市实际交通状况，改进了排队论计算模型，提出确定公交中途站泊位数与可容纳线路数关系的计算方法。以武汉市调查数据为基础，对可超越前车进出站和依次进出站两种情况的可容纳线路数进行计算，建议可超越前车进出站时，泊位数不超过4个，可容纳线路数为17～20条；依次进出站时，直线式中途站泊位数不超过3个，可容纳线路数为9～11条，港湾式中途站泊位数不超过4个，可容纳线路数为13～16条。     

Berth assignment planning for multi‐line bus stops

In this paper, we study an important problem that arises with the fast development of public transportation systems: when a large number of bus lines share the same bus stop, a long queue of buses often forms when they wait to get into the stop in rush hours. This causes a significant increase of bus delay and a notable drop of traffic capacity near the bus stop. Various measures had been proposed to relieve the congestions near bus stops. However, all of them require considerable financial budgets and construction time costs. In this paper, with the concept of berth assignment redesign, a simulation‐based heuristic algorithm is proposed to make full use of exiting bus berths. In this study, a trustable simulation platform is designed, and the major influencing factors for bus stop operations are considered. The concept of risk control is also introduced to better evaluate the performance of different berth arrangement plans and makes an appropriate trade‐off between the system's efficiency and stability. Finally, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to find a sub‐optimal berth assignment plan. Tests on a typical bus stop show that this algorithm is efficient and fast. The sub‐optimal berth assignment plan obtained by this algorithm could make remarkable improvements to an actual bus stop. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市公交站台乘客吸入汽车尾气模型研究

针对公交站台乘客汽车尾气暴露风险,引入吸入量概念,分别对路段中直线、路段中港湾、交叉口直线和交叉口港湾四种公交站台布局类型建立乘客汽车尾气吸入量模型.以南京市鸡鸣寺公交站台为研究对象,运用该吸入量模型,对不同类型公交站台上乘客汽车尾气吸入量进行了研究,研究表明:在相同条件下路段中港湾式公交站台布局环境中乘客尾气吸入量最小;增加公交车辆线路和发车间隔在相同条件下会增加乘客尾气吸入量.本文的研究为城市公交线和公交站台从乘客健康角度进行人性化布局规划提供了决策依据.