平板在组合载荷作用下的极限强度预报的一种简化解析法

船体平板强度在船舶结构极限强度分析中起到十分重要的作用。最近几年，一些作者提出了计算平板极限强度的一种简化解析方法。但绝大部分的研究只考虑了平板纵向受压这一种简单载荷的情况。在我们成功地解决了三向组合载荷(纵、横压缩和垂向均布压力)的基础上，在本文中，我们又进一步将此方法推广到包含面内剪力在内的所有组合载荷分量均存在的一般情况。通过与一些规范公式的比较表明，本文所推导的公式是可以比较精确地预报平板在一般组合载荷作用下的极限强度。这一工作一方面可以为规范中的一些经验公式提供理论依据，另一方面也许可以提供比经验公式更好的外插能力。为了简化使用本文的方法，本文也在大量参数系列计算的基础上给出了一个回归的经验公式。     

预制T梁早期裂缝的成因分析与预防措施

为了进一步探讨预制T梁早期开裂机理,以广东省某高速公路40 m跨径预制T梁早期开裂为例,对混凝土收缩类型、梁体温度变化和预制T梁有限元模型早期温度场和应力场的变化进行了分析研究。结果表明预制T梁长度方向上温度应力是导致梁体开裂的主要原因,并提出了预防措施,可有效减少预制T梁早期开裂风险。     

高温重载作用下沥青路面结构力学响应分析

为研究高温重载耦合作用下沥青路面结构力学响应特点,采用ANSYS软件定量分析了高温重载交通对沥青路面路表弯沉和结构应力的影响规律。分析结果表明:1)路面弯沉与轴载呈正线性相关,高温环境中,竖向位移最大值随轴载的增加而增大;2)高温重载作用下,结构应力均有增长,面层拉应力比基层拉应力增幅更明显,但高温对压应力增幅影响不显著,常温中面层剪应力最大;高温超限100%条件下,面层压应力为常温标准轴载的2倍,面层剪应力为标准轴载的2.21倍。     

高地应力软岩隧道施工动态控制与优化研究

根据兰渝铁路毛羽山隧道出口开挖过程中出现严重大变形的工程实例,利用FLAC3D建立三维数值模型,对不同台阶长度、仰拱闭合时机、锚杆长度以及二次衬砌浇筑时机的隧道施工进行了动态模拟。计算结果表明:台阶长度对大变形控制至关重要,应尽可能减小上台阶长度,采用超短台阶法施工;仰拱对于挤压性围岩隧道大变形控制具有显著的效果,应尽早封闭成环;随着锚杆长度的增加,隧道变形逐渐减小,但是当其长度大于8m时,再增加锚杆长度对控制大变形所起作用不明显;开挖后立即施作二次衬砌,可有效控制围岩蠕变变形。     

不同埋深铁路隧道仰拱受力特征研究

以董志塬区银西高铁黄土隧道为例,对不同埋深条件下隧道仰拱的基底接触压力和钢拱架应力随时间的变化规律、空间分布特征及其差异性进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,浅埋隧道基底接触压力变化时间较深埋隧道略长;不同埋深隧道仰拱处最小基底接触压力均出现在拱底中心处,最大基底接触压力均出现在拱脚处,且同一部位浅埋隧道基底接触压力明显大于深埋隧道基底接触压力;在仰拱的同一部位处,深埋隧道钢拱架应力明显大于浅埋隧道钢拱架应力;仰拱部位钢拱架承受压应力为主,浅埋黄土隧道仰拱部位的钢拱架最大压应力出现在拱底中心,可达约12MPa;而深埋隧道拱脚部位的钢拱架压应力最大,可达26~33MPa。研究结果可为黄土隧道仰拱设计优化与施工提供参考。     

基于巴氏噪声研究曲轴热处理残余应力

以巴克豪森噪声(BN)原理为基础测量曲轴热处理后残余应力。结果表明调质后表面残余应力为压应力,定型工序是可以删除的,中频淬火后表面残余应力为压应力。取消定型有利于防止曲轴的变形和开裂。     

Computer Predictions and Experimental Verification of Residual Stresses and Distortion in Carburizing-Quenching of Steel

IntroductionInordertoobtainimprovedmechanicalpropertiesandfatiguestrengthofmachinecomponents,stlchasgears,shaftsandsoon,carburizing-quenchingprocessasamethodofstirfacehardeningisoftenusedinindustry.Howevef,carbtirizing-quenchingisusuallyaccompaniedwithcarbonconcentrationandleadtodistortion,residualstressesandhardnessofsteelparts.Theeffectofcarboncontentisspeciallysignificantonphasetransformationbel1aviorThispaPerwillpresentthesimulationresultsoftheresidualstressfieldanddistortionofasteelcylin…     

预应力砼梁开裂截面压应力计算的简化方法

根据预应力砼梁再开裂正截面预应力钢筋的应力计算经验公式,推导梁正截面首次开裂后再开裂过程中中性轴位置和受压区边缘砼正应力的计算新方法,其间考虑了预应力砼梁正截面首次开裂以及疲劳荷载重复作用对钢筋和砼应力增长的影响,并通过算例对新方法与现有方法的计算结果进行比较,验证了新方法的简便合理性.     

Weld toe versus root fatigue failure mode and governing parameters: A study of aluminum alloy load-carrying fillet joints

In load-carrying fillet welded connections, two fatigue failure modes are possible i.e. weld toe cracking and weld root cracking. The fatigue life associated with weld root cracking is typically much lower than weld toe cracking, exhibiting a wider scatter band, especially for welded aluminum alloys. This paper examines fatigue failure mode transition behaviors in load-carrying fillet welds made of aluminum and their governing parameters, among plate thickness, weld penetration, joint misalignment, weld material, and ultrasound impact peening(UIP). Through both experimental and theoretical studies, a quantitative fillet weld sizing criterion was proposed for avoiding weld root cracking in fillet-welded aluminum connections.     

Modelling upheaval buckling in marine buried pipelines by coupling the shear stresses and soft soil stiffness

Buried marine pipelines employed in the Oil & Gas industry are subjected to pressure and temperature gradients, which cand produce local high compression loads leading to the onset of upheaval buckling failure. Upheaval buckling occurs when the localized stresses across the pipeline are high enough to induce constant deformation due to the low soil restriction in the upward direction. Therefore, models to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipes caused by high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) and soil stiffness have been developed based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT). However, this theory does not consider stresses and strains due to shear stresses which can play an important role in upheaval buckling failure. Therefore, in this work an analytical model that takes into account Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and considers the shear effects on pipelines was developed to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipelines. Furthermore, equations that govern vertical buckling of buried pipelines considering a plastic soil with initial imperfection were considered. Analytical results were compared with finite element models of buried pipeline and other models reported in the literature, and it was observed that analytical results fall in the range of those reposted in the literature. It was also observed that the incorporation of shear stresses in buried marine pipelines has low effect on upheaval buckling onset and propagation, but the soil stiffness has a strong influence on upheaval failure in buried marine pipelines.