A consideration of the structural design of a large-scale floating structure

The land area of Japan, especially flat land, is very small compared with its economic size. Large-scale floating structures are one solution to satisfy the demand for space by utilizing the ocean. This paper presents a general view of the dynamic response characteristics of large-scale floating structures, pontoons and semi-submersibles. For example, it is shown that the natural frequencies of eigenmodes are higher than the natural frequency of heaving motion. The response of the outer framework of a structure is shown to be generally larger than the response of the central part. Within the limits of our present understanding of the general dynamic response characteristics of such structures, the design and analysis of semi-submersible, large-scale floating structures is discussed. For a pontoon-type large-scale floating structure, a type whose perimeter structure has been modified to become lighter and more rigid is proposed. With this modification, the dynamic response of the whole structure is imporved.     

边界控制方法在DVR样机研制中的应用

动态电压恢复器（DVR）可在供电电压发生电压下陷时维持负载电压稳定,以保护敏感负载。由于在正常电力系统中,电压下陷故障出现的频率相对不高,使得DVR的利用率较低。将一种基于二阶开关平面理论的边界控制器应用于DVR系统,使其既可用于电压下陷补偿又能用于稳态下电压电能质量控制,大大提高了设备利用率。通过预测DVR逆变器的某次开关动作后,其系统状态矢量的运动轨迹可得到上述二阶开关平面。将该平面作为状态轨迹沿理想开关平面运动的上界,可约束轨迹使其趋向理想工作点。为考察其动态特性,应用上述控制器的DVR样机针对源端谐波畸变和伴有畸变的下陷电压波形进行了补偿试验。结果证实上述边界控制方案可获得优于其它一些控制策略的谐波补偿效果。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (2nd Report)—Lateral-distortional buckling and local face buckling

Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. In order to secure the safety of these types of bulk carriers, it is important to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames.

In order to investigate this effect, a series of 4- and 3-point bend tests on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates has been carried out. Artificial pitting was created on the web plate to simulate pitting. In the 4-point bend tests, two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one-third points of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, lateral-distortional buckling occurred before reaching the ultimate strength and local buckling of the face plate was observed after reaching the ultimate strength. The effect of web plate pitting on the lateral-distortional buckling strength was found to be small but the ultimate strength decreases with increase in the degree of pitting intensity. In the 3-point bend tests, concentrated load has been applied vertically at the center of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, local face buckling occurred just after reaching the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is found to be decreasing with increase in the degree of pitting intensity.

A series of non-linear FE analyses has been performed to simulate the deformation behavior observed in the tests. It has been revealed that even in the case of randomly distributed pitting corrosion the ultimate strength of the structural models was almost the same as that of the structural models with uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.     

海港工程钢筋保护层厚度分析

钢筋保护层厚度在保证钢筋与混凝土之间粘结、提高结构耐久性寿命方面发挥着巨大作用。先从钢筋保护层厚度实体检测出发,结合现行水运工程规范标准对检测结果偏差进行分析,分别讨论了钢筋保护层厚度偏差与结构耐久性以及结构承载力的关系。达到引起工程建设各方的重视、提高海港工程钢筋保护层的控制质量的目的。     

护坡结构在Mirsarai海岸防护工程中的应用

传统的混凝土或生态型护坡结构均不能兼顾海岸防护对结构防浪消能、耐久性、生态性的需求。针对孟加拉Mirsarai海岸防护工程特点,并经方案比选,采用混凝土块体与生态组合型护坡结构,对其技术质量重难点、典型施工问题、基槽镇脚棱体和坡面块体的防浪稳定性、生态护坡与结构排水进行分析。结果表明,基槽与坡面块体稳定质量满足防浪要求,能够有效抵御汛期海浪冲击;植被生态型护坡利用根系加固土层,控制土粒及下部材料冲刷流失,并兼具生态与景观作用。     

内燃机连杆设计计算的若干理论研究

在对多种连杆大量计算的基础上，总结了连杆设计的经验，指出连杆大端对称于中心线的两侧刚度分布均匀，是保证其应力分布均匀的前提，是连杆合理设计的一个重要原则．文中提出，为了保证精度，连杆计算应采用多体接触模型，并对影响计算精度的各种因素做了分析。讨论了螺栓位置和预紧力应如何选取以及齿形制造误差对强度的影响。     

结构钢渗扩氮亚温淬火规律的研究

研究了非平衡态原始组织及亚温淬火加热温度对30CrMnSiA结构钢渗扩氮后的显微硬度分布曲线的影响规律，分析了非平衡态原始组织渗扩氮时亚温淬火加热温度对含氮针状双相组织（α γ）分布的影响，测定了渗氮后及亚温扩氮淬火后的相组成，观察了高氮区和低氮区的含氮马氏体形态和亚结构，氮浓度分布曲线与渗扩氮规律相符。     

岩石边坡稳定性结构模式类比评价方法

本文提出了岩石边坡稳定性结构模式类比评价方法。这种方法根据工程岩体的结构类型，对岩体工程地质特性定理表征并抽取主要特征，建立工程岩体之间的相似关系并进行综合相似关系类比评价。它抓住了岩体工程地质的主要特征，最大限度地利用人类工程活动长期所积累的成功经验和失利教训，因而，其评价结果的可靠性也是较高的。     

极限荷载作用下铁路钢筋混凝土旧桥的受力行为试验研究

为了探讨既有ＲＣ桥梁的的承载能力，作者对一座具有３０年运营历史，且存在较为严重损伤的ＲＣ梁进行了破坏试验，探讨了在荷载及极限荷载作用下梁中的应力，挠度及裂缝宽度变化情况，并实测了极限荷载的大小以及混凝土和钢筋的实际强度。文中还给出了评定既有ＲＣ桥梁的国能力和损伤程度的方法。     

浅议低路堤公路地表排水设施

低路堤作为一种重要的路堤形式,它的地表排水设施有它自身的特点与要求。该文在对国内已建公路低路堤地表排水设施及其排水效果进行调研的基础上,找出了我国公路低路堤地表排水设计中存在的一些问题。根据平原区公路低路堤特点和各种排水方式的适用场合,提出了适用于平原区低路堤的地表防排水设施选取和布设原则。