行人微观仿真中的运动模型与行为模型——STEPS与NOMAD模型对比

为了解各类行人仿真模型的性能差异和适用范围,以选取适当模型进行交通枢纽行人仿真,对两种典型行人仿真模型进行研究。依据模型对行人行为描述的复杂程度,将行人仿真模型分为运动模型、部分行为模型、行为模型3类,并分别介绍了各自的特点。选取典型的运动模型软件STEPS和行为模型软件NOMAD,详细探讨其采用的数学模型,并通过4个仿真实例对比分析这两种模型的特点。分析结果得出两种模型在宏观与微观层面的异同点以及存在的问题。     

基于模糊PID控制的ABS仿真研究

以车轮滑移率为控制对象,分析了模糊控制的理论基础,将传统的模糊控制与经典的PID控制相结合,提出了白适应模糊PID控制算法,并进行了仿真研究.     

Flow Stress Model of Stainless Steel OCr13Ni5Mo at Elevated Temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade,experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel OCr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab,regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.908 0 and the cosine coefficient is 0.995 8.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

A data model applied to the knowledge-based ICAS

Image-guided computer aided surgery system (ICAS) contributes to safeness and success of surgery operations by means of displaying anatomical structures and showing correlative information to surgeons in the process of operation. Based on analysis of requirements for ICAS, a new concept of clinical knowledge-based ICAS was proposed. Designing a reasonable data structure model is essential for realizing this new concept. The traditional data structure is limited in expressing and reusing the clinical knowledge such as locating an anatomical object, topological relations of anatomical objects and correlative clinical attributes. A data structure model called mixed adjacency lists by octree-path-chain (MALOC) was outlined, which can combine patient's images with clinical knowledge, as well as efficiently locate the instrument and search the objects' information. The efficiency of data structures was analyzed and experimental results were given in comparison to other traditional data structures. The result of the nasal surgery experiment proves that MALOC is a proper model for clinical knowledge-based ICAS that has advantages in not only locating the operative instrument precisely but also proving surgeons with real-time operation-correlative information. It is shown that the clinical knowledge-based ICAS with MALOC model has advantages in terms of safety and success of surgical operations, and help in accurately locating the operative instrument and providing operation-correlative knowledge and information to surgeons in the process of operations.     

基于虚拟应力场法的船舶避让与控制

为了实现船舶在航道内的避障,应用虚拟力场法建立了避障模型,描述了目标点的虚拟引力和障碍物的虚拟斥力之间的关系及其功能设计,实现了从船舶运动坐标值到控制量的转变,结果证明．船舶能够在多变的周边环境中实现避障功能。     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤实验装置的研制及动物模型的建立

目的 自制一种脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)装置并成功建立DAI动物模型.方法 自制头颅瞬间旋转损伤装置,使大鼠头颅在瞬间(<3ms)旋转90°造成剪切损伤.观察损伤后大鼠的生命体征及行为学改变;于伤后2、6、12、24、36、72h及10d分别处死损伤组动物,制备脑石蜡切片,行镀银及HE染色,光镜下观察神经轴索变化.结果 伤后大鼠均即刻出现原发昏迷,其中2只于损伤后20min内死亡,余持续时间1-30min不等;伤后大鼠呼吸节律紊乱,瞳孔对光反射减弱或消失,醒后均有程度不等的反应性下降,肢体活动迟缓;肉眼可见广泛蛛网膜下腔出血或脑室出血;光镜下可见皮髓交界区、胼胝体区、脑干、小脑白质等部位的神经轴索有不同程度的肿胀、断裂、轴索球形成,后期有小胶质细胞增生,局部呈巢样聚集.结论 本装置能造成大鼠脑DAI,且具有简便、可控、确切的特点,适合进行中、小型动物DAI模型的实验研究.     

地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩抗倒塌性能研究

为研究混凝土桥墩的结构抗震性能,进行了单墩多自由度体系非线性静力推倒分析、非线性动力分析、增量动力分析。分别采用纤维模型中分布塑性铰和集中塑性铰两种建模方法,建立单墩有限元模型,利用Open Sees软件中的Hysteretic滞回模型考虑各种累积损伤的影响。     

“翻转课堂”热潮引发的思考

翻转课堂自实施以来,在教育领域引发大讨论,给教学带来了前所未有的变化,取得了良好的效果。本文对翻转课堂的由来及其对教学的改变进行分析,并探讨了翻转课堂实施对师生的要求,最后对我国大面积普及翻转课堂的制约因素进行了分析。     

高速路节日免费通行对小汽车出行者选择行为影响研究

出行成本是出行者在选择出行方式时的重要考虑因素。随着我国高速公路网和收费政策的逐步完善,自驾已成为出行者考虑选择的主要出行方式。为研究节日里选择小汽车出行的用户特征及影响因素,通过意向调查的方式对小汽车出行者的偏好进行调查。应用二项Logit模型建模分析,结果显示个人属性、出行属性以及出行环境等都在不同程度上影响出行者的节日出行选择行为,其中小汽车拥有状况、驾龄、旅行时间、出行者在以往节日里选择的出行方式、通行费、线路熟悉程度等对节日出行行为影响较为显著,该研究成果在交通预测、交通管控等方面具有指导性作用。     

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研究了高峰时段列车运行的衔接协调对换乘站候车客流量的优化问题。首先分析了换乘站各站台候车客流的组成因素,确定出各运行方向的换乘站台内客流量随时间变化的规律。然后,以时段内换乘站候车客流量的最大值最小为目标,建立优化模型。模型以站台最大可容纳候车人数为约束条件,以各方向列车在换乘站的到达时刻为调整对象,实现了高峰时段换乘站内聚集客流的优化。最后,针对验证案例,设计了遗传算法进行求解,得出了协调较优解,并给出与较劣解的对比分析。结果表明,该优化方法能够有效降低换乘站内的候车客流人数,可为网络化的优化协调工作提供参考。