平移模式下挡土墙墙背土侧压力系数的计算

根据库仑土压力理论中墙背滑动楔体整体达到静平衡的基本原理，假定沿墙高方向，土与墙背的摩擦角均达到极限值，从墙背处土体主应力偏转的应力状态分析出发，得到墙背处的主应力偏转角和土侧压力系数的计算公式；把土侧压力系数用于水平层分析法，建立了竖向土压力的基本方程，求解该方程，导出了挡土墙主动土压力、土压力合力及其作用位置的理论公式。经比较，该方法与其他方法对土侧压力系数的计算结果基本一致，所得的挡土墙主动土压力计算结果与模型试验结果也较为吻合。     

土质库岸路基内孔隙水压力的计算方法

把土质库岸路基内地下水的渗流状态简化为4种渗流模型,基于渗流力学理论,建立各渗流模型路基内任意点的孔隙水压力计算方法。     

轻型货车轮胎接地压力分布实测

利用自主开发的轮胎接地压力测试仪,进行了轻型货车不同花纹和不同使用年限轮胎,在不同轮胎胎压和不同负荷作用下,轮胎的接地压力分布规律测量。实测结果发现:轻型货车轮胎与路面的接触形状更接近于矩形;新胎比旧胎的接地压力要均匀些;轮胎胎压与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与有效接地面积基本上呈线性关系。     

机械复合管在海底管道中的应用

原油、湿气含有CO2或H2S是造成海底管道内腐蚀失效的主要原因之一。机械复合管作为一种新型管材,可以有效解决CO2或H2S造成的内腐蚀问题,在国际上得到了广泛应用,但其在国内油气田开发海底管道中,尚无应用先例。文中介绍了机械复合管的制造原理、设计制造规范、用作海底管道的技术要求、海上安装技术特点以及应用前景。文中研究了机械复合管在海底管道中应用对设计制造和安装技术的要求,以推动其在国内油气田开发海底管道中的应用。     

Predicting the wet collapse pressure for flexible risers with initial ovalization and gap: An analytical solution

As offshore hydrocarbon production moves towards ultra-deep water, flexible risers have to withstand the huge hydro-static pressure without collapse. They are designed with strong collapse capacities, allowing them to operate under the condition where their annuli are flooded by the seawater. However, initial imperfections can weaken the collapse capacity under such a flooded condition, triggering the so-called “wet collapse”. Two common initial imperfections, the carcass ovality and the radial gap between the carcass and pressure armor, would reduce the collapse strength of flexible risers significantly. Mostly, collapse analyses are performed through numerical simulations, which are less feasible for the design stage of flexible risers comparing with analytical models. To date, there are few analytical models available in public literature to predict the wet collapse pressure of flexible risers accounting for initial ovality and gap. To meet this demand, an analytical model is established in this paper to address these issues. This model is developed as a spring-supported arch, solving the collapse pressure with stability theories of ring and arched structures. This analytical model is verified by numerical simulations, which gives prediction results that correlate well with the numerical ones.     

C型独立双体罐中纵舱壁的强度研究

液化气船的C型独立双体罐内设有中纵舱壁,它与常规应用于C型舱的回转体结构相比表现出一些特殊的力学特性。对中纵舱壁的受力机制进行了分析,提出了纵舱壁结构在一般装载工况条件下的应力计算方法,并采用有限元模型直接计算方法作了进一步研究,同时对所提出的公式方法的适用性进行了验证。另外,还对中纵舱壁在不利装载工况下的强度进行了初步的探讨。     

考虑击穿水压的双道密封垫防水机制研究

为研究盾构隧道双道密封垫在防水性能提升上的效果，首先定性分析双道密封垫的防水机制，给出击穿水压概念以及基于弹性力学的密封垫击穿水压数值估算公式； 然后开展双道密封垫试验，对击穿水压数值进行验证，得出影响双道密封垫防水性能的一些因素。研究结果表明： 1）当外界水压大于外道密封垫初始防水能力的1.36倍时，密封垫被完全击穿，丧失残余防水能力； 2）不同的密封垫布置方式会影响双道密封垫的防水能力，在双道密封垫的实际应用中，需要将防水能力更强的密封垫布置在外侧，且双道密封垫的防水能力差距不宜过大； 3）沟槽的结构和尺寸会影响密封垫的防水能力； 4）无论是单道密封垫，还是双道密封垫，无错位量密封垫的防水压力远大于有错位量密封垫的防水压力，因此施工中应采取措施尽量减少错位量。     

Study on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure

This paper is dedicated to the comprehensive investigation on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure. A total of 20 stainless steel hemispheres are fabricated, which have a nominal radius of 60 mm and a nominal wall thickness of 0.76 mm. These fabricated hemispheres are divided into four groups with five samples in each group. Wherein, three groups are dented using conical, spherical, and cylindrical indenters respectively, while the remaining group is designated as undented one. Both dented and undented hemispheres are hydrostatically tested into collapse to examine the effects of indention on the collapse characteristics of hemispheres. Additionally, all tested hemispheres are semi-analytically and numerically evaluated based on the measured geometric data and tested material properties. The experimental, semi-analytical, and numerical results are compared in figures and tables.     

气囊气压无线监测报警技术在沉箱出运中的应用

本文通过介绍泉州港石湖作业区5号、6号泊位工程施工中研发和应用的气囊气压无线监测报警技术,为后续类似项目施工加强气囊压力监测,防范气囊爆裂风险,提高作业安全性,提供参考和借鉴。     

大口径高钢级薄壁油气管道封堵系统的改造与应用

随着高钢级管道应用日益广泛,同等压力的壁厚也变得越来越薄,管道内径增大,原有的管道封堵系统无法实现封堵密封。为了解决该问题,采用结构优化分析和现场应用验证等方法,对原有封堵头和三通等进行适应性改造、试验和工程应用。结果表明:封堵系统的改造能够重复利用原有封堵三通和封堵头,满足薄壁油气管道的开孔封堵作业和工程应用并且降低了工程成本。