大跨钢桥桥面铺装有限元分析合理简化模型

为了提高大跨钢桥桥面铺装有限元分析简化模型的计算精度,运用有限元正交数值模拟试验对模型参数进行了敏感性分析,利用子模型技术和综合评价方法对模型几何尺寸与边界约束条件进行了优化。发现大跨钢桥桥面铺装有限元分析简化模型合理的几何尺寸与边界条件为:纵向为3跨,横向有8个U肋,横隔板高度为1.2m,纵边自由,横边简支,横隔板底固结。对比分析结果表明:该简化模型具有较高的计算精度,横向拉应变误差仅为0.7%,纵向拉应变误差为3.7%。     

船体复合材料帽型加筋板渐进破坏分析

复合材料加筋板复杂的破坏过程与失效形式增加了应用难度。以面外均布载荷与面内压缩联合作用下的夹芯复合材料帽型加筋板为研究对象,在通过试验结果验证非线性有限元方法准确性的基础上,基于复合材料的hashin准则与胶层界面的最大应力准则展开渐进破坏分析,讨论了极限载荷、破坏模式及失效机理。采用有限元子模型技术对中段破坏区域建模,基于Shokrieh-Hashin准则进行局部破坏分析,讨论蒙皮的铺层损伤规律。结果表明:加筋板呈整体一阶屈曲破坏,极限载荷为316.8 kN;壁板下蒙皮的纤维压缩失效是导致加筋板整体破坏的原因;各铺层的面内失效规律基本相同,蒙皮的纤维压缩失效从外层逐渐向内层扩展,且扩展速率逐渐降低。     

激光焊接夹层甲板板格强度计算的子模型方法

提出了基于有限元软件ANSYS的激光焊接钢质夹层甲板板格结构强度计算的子模型方法。分别对考虑激光焊接焊缝缺陷的I型夹层板格结构的壳单元计算模型和体单元子模型进行强度分析,并与全部体单元模型的芯层与上下面板连接处及面板中部处应力分布计算结果进行对比,验证壳单元计算模型和子模型方法用于计算夹层甲板板格强度的正确性。计算结果表明,对强度特征关注区域,可建立多个体单元子模型,确定子模型边界影响区域范围,从而可较为准确地评估夹层甲板板格结构强度特性,包括焊缝处应力分布。壳单元计算模型可获得较为精确的板格变形值,但无法考虑激光焊接焊缝缺陷,获得的焊缝处最大应力值明显偏小。     

An integrated draft gear model with the consideration of wagon body structural characteristics

With the increase of railway wagon axle load and the growth of marshalling quantity, the problem caused by impact and vibration of vehicles is increasingly serious, which leads to the damage of vehicle structures and the components. In order to improve the reliability of longitudinal connection model for vehicle impact tests, a new railway wagon longitudinal connection model was developed to simulate and analyse vehicle impact tests. The new model is based on characteristics of longitudinal force transmission for vehicles and parts. In this model, carbodies and bogies were simplified to a particle system that can vibrate in the longitudinal direction, which corresponded to a stiffness-damping vibration system. The model consists of three sub-models, that is, coupler and draft gear sub-model, centre plate sub-model and carbody structure sub-model. Compared with conventional draft gear models, the new model was proposed with geometrical and mechanical relations of friction draft gears considered and with behaviours of sticking, sliding and impact between centre plate and centre bowl added. Besides, virtual springs between discrete carbodies were built to describe the structural deformation of carbody. A computation program for longitudinal dynamics based on vehicle impact tests was accomplished to simulate. Comparisons and analyses regarding the train dynamics outputs and vehicle impact tests were conducted. Simulation results indicate that the new wagon longitudinal connection model can provide a practical application environment for wagons, and the outputs of vehicle impact tests agree with those of field tests. The new model can also be used to study on longitudinal vibrations of different vehicles, of carbody and bogie, and of carbody itself.     

汽车车架中的铆钉结构应力分析研究

针对某汽车在行驶过程中铆钉脱落的现象,基于有限元分析技术,对其车架连接铆钉的应力进行深入研究。先建立整个车架的有限元模型,以梁单元离散铆钉,作线性静态计算,得到代表铆钉的梁单元的应力情况;然后再通过子模型的方式建立铆钉的接触模型,进行非线性求解,得到更加详细的铆钉应力情况。通过对比线性与非线性两次分析中铆钉的应力,得到两种分析铆钉应力的对应关系,为汽车车架整体分析中估计连接铆钉的应力提供参考。