异地协同设计在勘察设计中的应用

本文以铁三院为例,对异地勘察设计作业模式从“现场设计”发展到“异地协同设计”的实践、存在的问题及解决方法进行了分析。文中提到的部分方法已经在铁三院生产、管理中得到应用,并取得了较好的效果;对需进一步改进的问题也提出了解决方案。     

箱梁节段预制冬季施工技术

结合苏通大桥B2、D1标箱梁节段预制工厂混凝土冬季施工实践,介绍了混凝土冬季施工常用的技术措施和施工中的控制要点。     

临近既有线的地道软土深基坑支护技术

庄桥站旅客地道为临近既有线软土深基坑工程,面临列车动载大、软土侧压力大、土体渗流明显等基坑危害.通过优化设计,解决基坑支护安全性与经济性的矛盾.同时,在施工过程中,通过实时监测、变形预警和信息化施工等手段确保方案落实,减少动载振动影响和开挖时空效应.     

长江干线大桥水域通航环境安全评价

随着经济的发展．长江干线上建桥越来越多．跨江大桥对船舶航行安全造成了一定的威胁。通过建立长江大桥水域通航环境危险度评价指标体系，根据各指标对安全影响程度的研究结论和专家调查结果．确立通航环境危险度评价标准．并应用模糊综合评价的方法实现对桥区通航环境危险度的综合评价．从而掌握桥区通航环境的安全状况。     

Time use in travel surveys and time use surveys – Two sides of the same coin?

An in-depth understanding of travel behaviour determinants, including the relationship to non-travel activities, is the foundation for modelling and policy making. National Travel Surveys (NTS) and time use surveys (TUS) are two major data sources for travel behaviour and activity participation. The aim of this paper is to systematically compare both survey types regarding travel activities and non-travel activities. The analyses are based on the German National Travel Survey and the German National Time Use Survey from 2002.The number of trips and daily travel time for mobile respondents were computed as the main travel estimates. The number of trips per person is higher in the German TUS when changes in location without a trip are included. Location changes without a trip are consecutive non-trip activities with different locations but without a trip in-between. The daily travel time is consistently higher in the German TUS. The main reason for this difference is the 10-min interval used. Differences in travel estimates between the German TUS and NTS result from several interaction effects. Activity time in NTS is comparable with TUS for subsistence activities.Our analyses confirm that both survey types have advantages and disadvantages. TUS provide reliable travel estimates. The number of trips even seems preferable to NTS if missed trips are properly identified and considered. Daily travel times are somewhat exaggerated due to the 10-min interval. The fixed time interval is the most important limitation of TUS data. The result is that trip times in TUS do not represent actual trip times very well and should be treated with caution.We can use NTS activity data for subsistence activities between the first trip and the last trip. This can potentially benefit activity-based approaches since most activities before the first trip and after the last trip are typical home-based activities which are rarely substituted by out-of-home activities.     

The quality of survey data: Telephone versus face-to-face interviews

Those designing surveys and producing data have always been concerned about its quality. The increasing stringency of the financial constraints which affect public authorities and the increased scope of involvement in the regulation of urban travel has led us to pay even greater attention to the quality of data. This issue is frequently covered in the literature on survey methods. However, comparisons between different survey methods are more rarely conducted. The decision to conduct such an analysis is partly the result of the development of telephone use to the detriment of other survey modes in many countries and also the development of Computer-Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) which facilitates the running and monitoring of the survey.This paper examines several aspects of this question in order to compare the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews. The first aspect is the representativeness of the sample, and therefore relates mainly to the issue of nonresponses and the choice of a sample base. The second concerns the accuracy of the information and involves the choice of a survey area and the recording of all trips, including short-distance travel. Finally, the quality of data is obviously determined by the quality of the responses given by those interviewed.The answers we give frequently depend on the objective of the surveys, which leads us to put forward a table which summarizes the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews on the basis of the main objective of the survey. Broadly, the telephone seems to be the favoured tool for surveys in the area of transport planning and surveys which aim to provide data for forecasting models, mostly on the grounds of cost. However, face-to-face techniques are often preferred for surveys which aim to discover and analyze the factors which explain individual travel behaviour.     

Development of behavioral context addressable loggers in the shell for travel-activity analysis

This study attempts to develop a small, portable travel-activity measuring instrument that requires no entry from respondents. Conventional surveys have collected identification information such as facility type, transport mode, and activity content through the operation of instruments, questionnaires, etc. However, these complicated surveys burden the respondents and rely on their memory, often leading to recording omissions or incorrect records. We propose a method for estimating behavioral contexts using BCALs (Behavioral Context Addressable Loggers in the Shell), a wearable, behavioral context information-measuring instrument, for re-estimating label information such as facility type and transport mode from ecological and environmental sensors based on learning models. The numerical values observed by these sensors differed greatly among locations or means of transportation, revealing the high possibility of automatic identification of locations and means of transportation using BCALs.     

杭州市西湖隧道防水措施实例

如何减少和控制地下隧道的渗漏水,已成为一个值得研究、必须研究的课题。本文以西湖隧道为实 例,介绍一些隧道防水的有效措施。     

杭州湾跨海大桥水中低墩区钢管桩设计

结合杭州湾跨海大桥水中低墩区自然环境条件,对该区域桥梁钢管桩设计思路做了较详细的说明,包括从钢管桩设计方案的选择到钢管桩细部构造的设计思路,结构受力的理论计算,施工、制造工艺水平等方面。     

基于神经网络和遗传算法结合的桥梁结构损伤诊断

利用神经网络对有限元计算的样本数据建立起桥梁结构的损伤参数——损伤位置、损伤程度（输入）以及位移差——损伤结构与完好结构的位移差（输出）的全局性映射关系，以获得遗传算法求解桥梁结构损伤问题所需的目标函数值，从而识别桥梁的损伤参数．某连续梁桥算例表明，此方法可以在较少的有限元分析次数下获得较好的损伤诊断结果．