秦巴山区乳母营养状况调查

目的 了解秦巴山区乳母的营养状况及存在的营养问题。方法 24小时回顾加3天膳食记录法对秦巴山区101名6个月以内乳母进行营养调查。结果 该人群膳食结构中动物性食物太少,热能和蛋白质摄入量仅为极轻体力劳动乳母RDA的71%和64%,其余各种营养素除维生素E和C外,均不足RDA的70%,其中Vit.A、B2、Ca、Zn分别为RDA的15..19%、30..48%、17..43%、43..35%,血清Ca、Zn、Cu、Se和Fe含量低于正常值下限比率分别为27..72%、19..80%、14..85%、74..26%和3..96%,贫血患病率为33..66%,血清TSH高于正常值上限者占23..76%。结论 该人群体内部分营养素缺乏,应对特需人群进行营养教育,增加动物性食物和蔬菜的摄入量,必要时应使用碘剂补充碘营养的不足。     

Trip chaining as a barrier to the propensity to use public transport

Trip chaining is a growing phenomenon in travel and activity behaviour. Individuals increasingly seek out opportunities to minimise the amount of travel required as part of activity fulfilment, given the competing demands on time budgets and their valuation of travel time savings. This search for ways of fulfilling (more) activities with less travel input has produced a number of responses, one of which is trip chaining. A particularly important policy implication of trip chaining is the potential barrier it creates in attracting car users to switch to public transport. This paper seeks to improve our understanding of trip chaining as a barrier to public transport use. A series of discrete choice models are estimated to identify the role that socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households have on the propensity to undertake trip chains of varying degrees of simplicity/complexity that involve use of the car or public transport with an embedded commuting or non-commuting primary purpose. Multinomial logit, nested logit and random parameter logit models are developed and contrasted to establish the gains in relaxing the strict conditions of the multinomial logit model.     

Asking the right questions about telecommuting: Avoiding pitfalls in surveying homebased work

In designing travel behavior surveys, the problem is to define “work,” “home,” and similar words that are commonly used in our language but which have acquired a plethora of associated meanings. The difficulty has not been resolved by the many new terms coined to describe non-traditional ways to work. Such words as “telecommuting,” “teleworking,” “at-home work,” “hoteling,” “homebased business,” “road warriors” and “mobile workers,” lack any agreed-upon definitions yet they are used in common parlance as if they did. These new workstyles are of interest to travel planners because they may involve trip reduction. To forecast just how much trip reduction will occur, behavior needs to be measured by objective criteria. To avoid definitional traps, we recommend phrasing questions in terms of measurable variables such as the place of work and the time in days and hours spent at each location. That approach leaves researchers the option of applying their own definitions that fit the context of their analyses. Thus, rather than ask “How many days a week do you telecommute?” the more precise question can be asked: “How many days last week did you work at home instead of going to your usual work location?” This approach has the advantage that information gathered over years can be used unambiguously in various contexts. Definitions can be applied at the point of analysis. This paper illustrates errors and confusion that can arise from casually worded surveys using examples from private and public surveys. The author proposes a set of core questions with four levels of priority for consideration in designing future surveys of travel behavior.     

闽江干流GPS控制网的建立

利用ＳＹ－１１８型ＧＰＳ接收机建立了闽江干流ＧＰＳ控制网,取得了良好的成果。文中着重介绍该机配套预处理ＳＹＧＰＳ软件和后处理ＮＥＴ软件进行数据处理的情况,得出了一些有益的结论。     

Online license plate matching procedures using license-plate recognition machines and new weighted edit distance

License-plate recognition (LPR) technology has been widely applied in many different transportation applications such as enforcement, vehicle monitoring, and access control. Recently, there has been effort to exploit an LPR database for vehicle tracking using popular template matching procedures. Existing template matching procedures assume that the true reference string is always available. However, under a two-point LPR survey, a vehicle could have its plate misread at both locations generating a pair of misread strings (or templates) with no reference for matching. To compensate for LPR misreading problem, we propose a new weight function based on a probability model to match the observed outcomes of a dual LPR setup. Also, considering that reversal errors are never made in LPR machines, new editing constraints as a function of the string lengths are proposed to avoid compensation for reversal errors. These editing constraints are incorporated into the constraint edit distance formulation to improve the performance of the matching procedure. Finally, considering that previous template matching procedures do not take advantage of passage time information available in LPR databases, we present an online tracking procedure that considers the properties of probability distribution of vehicle journey times in order to increase the probability of correct matches. Experimental results show that our proposed procedure can improve the accuracy of LPR systems and achieve up to 97% of positive matches with no false matches. Further research is needed to extend the ideas proposed herein to plate-matching with multiple, i.e., more than two, LPR units.     

输油站场管道腐蚀调查与分析

输油气站场管道敷设复杂,且多数没有实施区域性阴极保护,存在腐蚀风险。选择输油气站场典型腐蚀调查点,通过外观检查、厚度测试、漏点检测、粘结力测试及缺陷点活性评价,对某输油站场防腐层、保温层性能及管道腐蚀情况进行调查。结果表明：生产区管道防腐层失效严重,管体腐蚀,最大腐蚀坑深2.18 mm;立管出入土界面也存在腐蚀。文中分析了腐蚀原因,给出了站场维护维修建议。     

多源数据解析城市交通特征与规律

随着信息技术的发展,城市交通领域不断涌现新的数据来源。有效利用这些数据,有助于深刻理解城市功能和交通特征与规律。回顾城市交通分析与建模中常用的多源数据,并着重介绍信息化数据的典型应用,包括手机信令数据、公共汽车信息系统数据、车辆GPS数据、交通检测数据和售票系统数据。基于传统城市交通分析框架下的数据需求,探讨多源数据间的关系与联合应用。提出信息化数据完全取代传统数据既不现实,也不必要;信息化数据的价值发挥在于未来交通分析与建模技术的创新。最后对多源数据的发展与应用方向进行展望。     

拓普康双频RTK GPS接收机在工程测量中的应用

介绍RTK技术的产生、发展、应用现状以及RTK的组成、测量精度指标、软件系统。以鞍钢鲅鱼圈工程及鞍钢厂区技术改造为例,研究在具体工程中如何施测RTK、提高RTK的测量精度,拓宽RTK的应用范围。通过实例和具体数据证明利用静态GPS测量的解算数据求得WGS84坐标和地面坐标的转换参数,根据工程对精度的要求设置RTK观测的历元数,能够提高RTK的测量精度和工作效率,满足工程的需要。     

公路建设项目综合评价权重确定方法

针对公路建设项目综合评价权重确定的一般方法(AHP)计算量大,主观性强的缺点,提出了一种改进的AHP算法。该方法在改进层次分析法的基础上,得出各位专家赋予的相对于上一层次同一指标本层次各指标的权重,运用熵值理论对各专家评估水平赋予权重,最后得到指标的合成权重。实例计算结果表明：在综合评价体系中自然环境影响水平下水环境影响程度、大气环境影响程度、声环境影响程度3个指标权重分别为0．3946、0．3290、0．2760,这说明此方法在全面考虑各种因素对专家评估水平影响的条件下,克服了AHP法主观性强的缺点,有效地计算了3个因素的相对重要程度,该方法可行。     

大数据环境下上海市综合交通特征分析

20世纪80年代上海市已经开始建设智能交通系统,开展交通数据采集工作.历经2010年世博会,上海市交通信息化快速发展,交通大数据的种类越来越多,为基于大数据挖掘的综合交通调查与分析提供了良好的基础条件.基于2014年上海市第五次综合交通调查结果,综述上海市交通大数据资源现状和基于大数据的城市综合交通特征挖掘分析技术方法及主要成果.提出进一步拓展运用大数据分析城市综合交通特征的应用领域、优化大数据挖掘技术方法和完善大数据采集处理机制的相关建议.