长大隧道轨道网CPII水平角测量系统误差分析及对策

在隧道内进行轨道网CPII作业时,由于受到场地狭小、观测视线距离隧道衬砌近和气流定向运动等因素影响,水平角易受到折光影响而产生系统误差。引用长沙至昆明客运专线黎子坪隧道轨道控制网CPII测量的实例,通过仪器自动观测、自动记录原始数据,分析长大隧道轨道控制网CPII水平角测量系统误差的产生原因和分布规律,探索减弱系统误差的措施,并提出“正反W型”观测方式的解决方案。     

基于专家调查的珠三角地区软土地基处理方法的可靠性研究

主要对珠江三角洲高速公路建设中常用的排水固结法、排水固结法+换填轻质填料、搅拌桩复合地基、CFG桩复合地基、管桩地基等5种软基加固处理方法,开展了基于专家调查的高速公路软土地基加固处理方法可靠性分析与研究。通过对来自高速公路管理、设计、施工、研究单位的67位具有丰富的软土地基加固处理工程经验的专家开展咨询和调查分析,得出了不同软土深度情况下各种软基加固方法的可靠性程度评价结果。研究显示,珠江三角洲软土路基加固处理方法的可靠性从高往低的排列顺序依次为管桩地基、CFG桩复合地基、排水固结法+换填轻质填料、排水固结法、搅拌桩复合地基。当软土深度超过20m时,一般宜采用管桩进行地基加固处理。     

北斗导航卫星系统在铁路控制测量中的应用研究

为探讨北斗导航卫星系统静态测量模式在铁路控制测量中的适用性,利用基线重复性指标以及最小二乘法拟合得到固定误差和比例误差指标,基于连盐铁路控制网24 h连续观测数据,研究分析了基线向量实测精度。结果表明,单独使用北斗导航卫星系统进行静态测量,可以满足铁路五等测量精度要求;若结合GPS观测数据,能够有效提高静态测量精度和可靠性;增加观测时段长度,可以降低固定误差,但对比例误差的影响不明显。建议使用商用软件基于北斗导航卫星系统观测数据进行铁路控制测量时,将基线长度控制在15 km以内。     

拉伊铁路运量预测及其对运营的影响分析

拉伊铁路是尼日利亚"三纵五横"铁路路网格局中的重要线路。基于线路规划建设方案及区域功能定位,从沿线既有客运量、通道客流调查、客运站运量、客流密度、列车开行径路等5个方面对拉伊铁路客运量进行了预测分析,从既有铁路货运量、地区货运量、区段货流密度等3个方面对拉伊铁路货运量进行了预测分析,考虑近期及远期两个层面,预测得到了Lagos~Kajola、Kajola~Ibadan区段货流密度、客流密度及客车对数。此外,对线路运营的管理模式、技术服务内容及列车开行方案进行了综合分析。可靠的客货运量预测分析对提升线路运营管理的高效性、可持续性具有重要意义。     

MarineSTAR星站差分定位技术在水深测量中的应用

星站差分定位技术作为一项新兴的技术,具有GPS的所有特点,可以单机作业,无须在陆地上架设基准站,它的基准站是海事卫星(Inmarsat),MarineSTAR就是一个覆盖区域很广的星站差分定位系统。结合一个境外项目,针对在测区不宜采用常规手段架设基准站测量的问题,研究MarineSTAR星站差分定位技术的原理和方法,采用在已知点上比对以及用常规测量方法抽检,说明星站差分定位技术可以应用在大比例尺水深测量中。该技术因为无须架设基准站,大大提高了工作效率。     

“普查分级+重点监测”的滑坡监测方案研究

为解决滑坡地质灾害监测区域范围过大、隐患点普查难度和成本高、预警分析准确率低等难题,提出“普查分级+重点监测”的滑坡监测方案。首先,采用“InSAR+无人机”遥感技术对大范围滑坡隐患区域进行普查,通过分析InSAR和无人机遥感影像数据,确定滑坡体方位并计算其坡度、高差和长宽比等结构特征参数,进而确定其灾害发生概率和危险性,并据此对监测区域进行分级,以划定重点监测区。然后基于北斗/GNSS观测站、钻孔测斜仪、雨量计等多种设备自动化获取重点监测区滑坡体全方位、立体化的形变数据,综合分析判定滑坡体警戒状态。研究表明,通过多种测绘技术的综合设计与利用,实现了滑坡地质灾害“不重不漏、重点监测”的监测目标。     

绿色公路理念在漳武高速公路设计中的思考与实践

随着我国高速公路网基本形成,目前新增高速公路建设项目多位于山区腹地及偏远地区,这些地方往往基本农田资源稀缺、陆域、水域生态、自然保护地分布多、范围广,生态环境保护要求高,因此对于绿色公路理念的贯彻和落实显得尤为重要。本文从集约通道资源、保护土地资源、生态选线、多元化服务区设计等方面详细阐述了绿色公路理念在漳武高速项目勘察设计中的应用情况,实践表明绿色公路设计对于控制资源占用、减少能源消耗、降低污染排放、保护生态环境、拓展公路功能、提升服务水平方面起到了极大的提升作用。     

ICT Adoption among Logistics Companies in ASEAN Countries

In this era of globalization, adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the critical determinants of logistics companies' competitiveness and growth. This is especially so for the ASEAN countries as they pursue the vision of regional economic development and integration. Existing empirical studies on ICT adoption by logistics companies in developing countries are, however, scarce and have limited theoretical support and so far no comparative analysis of ICT adoption among ASEAN logistics companies and its determinants has been undertaken. This paper investigates the level of ICT adoption among ASEAN logistics companies and also develops an investment-based model to explain it. The model is evaluated with logistic regression using firm-level data collected from interviews with a sample of ASEAN logistics companies. The study finds that ICT adoption level varies significantly among the ASEAN countries and provides an empirical support for an investment-based view of ICT adoption. It also finds no further evidence for the relevance of the institutional theory to the ASEAN logistics industry. These findings have important strategic and policy implications for the ASEAN policy-makers and logistics industry.     

A Review of Pseudo Panel Data Approach in Estimating Short-run and Long-run Public Transport Demand Elasticities

Abstract

The distinctions between short-run and long-run public transport demand elasticities have been highlighted in the literature, but the identification of long-run travel demand has been constrained by existing research methodology and the unavailability of longitudinal travel survey data. The pseudo panel data approach using repeated cross-sectional data has been suggested as an alternative to conducting a longitudinal travel demand analysis when genuine panel data are not available. This paper comprehensively reviews the background and the current practices of pseudo panel data research, and introduces the challenges in applied research that need further investigation, particularly for public transport. A case study using the Sydney Household Travel Survey data is presented to demonstrate pseudo panel data construction and to identify the short-run and long-run public transport demand elasticities using a pseudo panel data approach. The research findings suggest that the public transport demand elasticity of price in Sydney is ?0.22 in the short run and ?0.29 in the long run.     

Investigating the effect of travel time variability on drivers' route choice decisions in Shanghai,China

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of travel time variability on drivers' route choice behavior in the context of Shanghai, China. A stated preference survey is conducted to collect drivers' hypothetical choice between two alternative routes with designated unequal travel time and travel time variability. A binary choice model is developed to quantify trade-offs between travel time and travel time variability across various types of drivers. In the model, travel time and travel time variability are, respectively, measured by expectation and standard deviation of random travel time. The model shows that travel time and travel time variability on a route exert similarly negative effects on drivers' route choice behavior. In particular, it is found that middle-age drivers are more sensitive to travel time variability and less likely to choose a route with travel time uncertainty than younger and elder drivers. In addition, it is shown that taxi drivers are more sensitive to travel time and more inclined to choose a route with less travel time. Drivers with rich driving experience are less likely to choose a route with travel time uncertainty.