溃坝模拟的光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其粘性特性(英文)

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian meshless particle method. It is one of the best method for simulating violent free surface flows in fluids and solving large fluid deformations. Dam breaking is a typical example of these problems. The basis of SPH was reviewed, including some techniques for governing equation resolution, such as the stepping method and the boundary handling method. Then numerical results of a dam breaking simulation were discussed, and the benefits of concepts like artificial viscosity and position correction were analyzed in detail. When compared with dam breaking simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the wave profile generated by SPH had good agreement, but the pressure had only reasonable agreement. Improving pressure results is clearly an important next step for research.     

二维水翼型空化流的数值计算(英文)

In order to predict the effects of cavitation on a hydrofoil, the state equations of the cavitation model were combined with a linear viscous turbulent method for mixed fluids in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT to simulate steady cavitating flow. At a fixed attack angle, pressure distributions and volume fractions of vapor at different cavitation numbers were simulated, and the results on foil sections agreed well with experimental data. In addition, at the various cavitation numbers, the vapor fractions at different attack angles were also predicted. The vapor region moved towards the front of the airfoil and the length of the cavity grew with increased attack angle. The results show that this method of applying FLUENT to simulate cavitation is reliable.     

周期性波动管流的压降研究

Experiments were conducted to study characteristics of flow when flow is fluctuating. The experimental results showed a phase difference between the flow rate and the pressure drop fluctuations. This phase difference between the fluctuating flow rate and pressure drop was analyzed for laminar flow. Analysis showed that the phase difference changes with the period of the flow fluctuation, the pipe radius, the density and the dynamic viscosity of the liquid. Fluctuating pipe flow was then numerically simulated. Results of the numerical simulation were compared with theoretical values and experimental results. It was shown that, when the flow rate fluctuates with time as a sine wave, the pressure drop fluctuates with the same periodicity, and there is a phase difference between them.     

潜艇舱室内的火灾模拟及消防决策研究

目前研究火灾的模型由于不能很好地反映烟气的流动特性和温度场的分布,以及存在对非规则空间的局限性。采用GAMBIT对潜艇舱室非规则空间进行网格划分,运用N-S时均方程和双k-ε湍流模型对流场进行理论计算,结合燃烧化学反应为单步不可逆快速反应假设,对舱室内的火灾发展过程进行模拟。通过临界火灾发展和蔓延的临界时间制定消防决策。文章为潜艇的消防决策研究提供了一种实时可靠的研究方法。     

计算船撞力选择撞击速度时考虑墩位流速的方法

进行桥墩防撞设计时,船舶撞击速度是计算船撞力的重要参数之一,它直接影响到船撞力的大小和桥梁的设防标准。本文在分析各国船舶撞击桥墩的速度选取方法的基础上,研究了实际发生船撞时的速度和船舶偏航时船撞速度沿横向的变化趋势,指出了目前世界各国使用的5种方法存在的不足,提出了考虑船撞速度沿桥轴线方向的分布及船舶意外失速等因素综合影响下的撞击速度的计算方法。通过在安庆长江铁路大桥船撞研究中的应用实例,说明按照各桥墩所在位置选取的不同撞击速度计算船撞力的方法较为合理,可作为防船撞研究和设计的参考。     

Two Phase Pressure Drop Performance of Refrigerant in a Small Horizontal Smooth Tube with 2.5 mm inside Diameter

Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements were made during the phase change heat transfer process of R22 in a small horizontal smooth tube with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions can be drawn that the quality corresponding to the pressure gradient peak value of small tubes became higher than that of large tubes. The effect of quality to pressure drop becomes weak as the mass flux increases. The experiment data were compared with the predicated values of the state-of-the-art correlations from the open literature. The comparisons between the data and the predictions indicate that most of the state-of-the-art correlations fails to predict the experimental data.Chisholm model shows a relatively better predictive ability than the other empirical correlations although it has a mean deviation of 26.7%. But the predicated values of Chisholm model are lower by 50% than the experimental data when the quality becomes larger.     

明渠水力设计中的能耗极值假说

最小能耗率理论和最大能耗率理论是水力学及河流动力学研究中容易混淆的两种假说。文章从明渠的最优水力断面设计、临界渠道设计、冲积河流河相关系3个方面出发,在理论上证明了能耗极值假说的存在,说明能耗极值假说取最小值和最大值与约束条件、已知条件之间的关系,并将计算结果与现有成果进行了比较。     

船用卧式滑动轴承的迷宫密封研究

以船用卧式滑动轴承轴端的迷宫密封为研究对象,运用CFD软件Fluent对迷宫空腔中的流场和泄漏特性进行研究。通过数值仿真,得出了压比、齿形、转速和迷宫几何尺寸等因素对迷宫密封泄漏量的影响。结合迷宫密封机理以及各影响因素,重新设计了滑动轴承的密封结构。结合船用卧式滑动轴承的实际工况,搭建一套可以模拟滑动轴承在水平、倾斜和高流量(28L/min~90L/min)等工况下工作的试验台。通过试验验证了密封结构设计的合理性。     

舵前轮缘泵喷推进器的转子轴承力研究

为研究新型的舵前轮缘泵喷推进器的减振降噪效果,采用结构化网格和基于SST k-ω模型的DES模型,对舵前轮缘泵喷推进器的非定常水动力进行了计算,总结了该新型推进器的轴承力特性.先通过采用不同的边界层厚度和网格数量进行计算,总结得到了合适的数值计算方法.再通过分析舵对常规泵喷推进器的转子盘面流场和转子轴承力的影响,证明了...     

西安城市快速轨道交通线网规划研究

通过对西安市经济发展和交通建设的现状及城市建设重点发展状况的研究,认为西安城市轨道交通进入快速发展时期,需依照科学发展观的要求,对线网规划进一步补充和完善。在研究西安市古城特点和发展总体规划的同时,分析城市客运交通走廊和主要客运交通枢纽的特点,构思线网方案,从客流角度分析、运用广义效用函数法计算,认为＂棋盘＋放射型＂的规划方案能保持客流量大的优点,线网直达性好,结构合理,均衡性好,对明城墙客流压力有较大缓解,其综合评价均优于其他方案,最终确定该方案为推荐方案。