High-resolution numerical relaxation approximations to second-order macroscopic traffic flow models

A novel numerical approach for the approximation of several, widely applied, macroscopic traffic flow models is presented. A relaxation-type approximation of second-order non-equilibrium models, written in conservation or balance law form, is considered. Using the relaxation approximation, the nonlinear equations are transformed to a semi-linear diagonilizable problem with linear characteristic variables and stiff source terms. To discretize the resulting relaxation system, low- and high-resolution reconstructions in space and implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta time integration schemes are considered. The family of spatial discretizations includes a second-order MUSCL scheme and a fifth-order WENO scheme, and a detailed formulation of the scheme is presented. Emphasis is given on the WENO scheme and its performance for solving the different traffic models. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, extensive numerical tests are performed for the different models. The computations reported here demonstrate the simplicity and versatility of relaxation schemes as solvers for macroscopic traffic flow models.     

复合地层泥水盾构环流关键参数选择探析

为研究复合地层泥水盾构泥水环流参数选择的问题,结合狮子洋隧道盾构工程,采用泥浆临界沉淀流速计算方法计算软弱地层和软硬不均地层所需的泥浆送、排量,并运用费祥俊模型试验公式进行验算。由于复合地层地质条件的复杂性,泥水盾构环流参数的影响因素较多,结合以上计算结果分析不同地层特性对泥浆送、排量的影响。研究结果表明： 1）2种方法的泥浆送、排量计算结果相差不大,证明泥浆临界沉淀流速计算方法具有准确性和合理性; 2）在软硬不均地层进行泥水盾构施工时,应加大泥浆送、排量,以减少输送颗粒在排浆管内滑移、平动,同时减少舱内积碴和泥浆管的磨损。研究结果可为复合地层下的泥水盾构施工提供参考。     

Performance evaluation of the inside intersection median-turn lane markings on the mobility and safety performance of signalized intersections in the Philippines and Japan

Signalized intersections are one of the key elements that play a vital role at road networks. The efficiency and safety levels of intersections can affect the operational performance of the whole system. In general, turning traffic, especially median-turning, has always been considered as the most problematic movement in the operation of intersections. This becomes more critical with high turning demand where exclusive turning lanes (single or double) can be assigned to provide larger capacities for these movements and to reduce conflicts with through traffic. However, improper treatment of median-turn lanes could create cross-maneuvering behavior which may limit the expected increase in capacity and create safety issues. Median-turning lane markings are commonly provided at intersections in Japan to guide drivers while turning which is expected to reduce the conflicts among turning traffic. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, exclusive median-turn lanes are installed at intersections without proper treatment which may contribute to the low mobility and safety levels. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of inside intersection lane markings on the operation of median-turn lanes in terms of mobility and safety. The vehicle maneuver, speed and interactions between the turning traffic were utilized as essential components for the assessment. The empirical analysis shows that conflicting trajectories were present on double turn lanes without median-turn lane markings in the Philippines, which resulted to serious conflicts among the turning vehicles and negatively influenced the turning speed and saturation flow rate of the turn lanes. On the other hand, the turn lane markings in Japan, provided a positive impact to mobility and safety of the turning lanes. Moreover, it was also found that the geometric characteristics and traffic signal phasing scheme highly affects the capacity and safety condition of signalized intersections.     

蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量工程计算方法探究

常用的蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量计算方法是借助喷管流量计算公式,公式中的进口蒸汽比体积需借助蒸汽热力性质表换算,且低过热度时绝热指数采用经验值,得到的计算值与实际有偏差,此外,传统计算式的形式较为繁琐,这些因素在一定程度上影响了其在工程中的使用。为满足工程需求,完善蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量的工程计算方法,推导出一个适用于蒸汽状态、压力参数多变,便于工程设计分析的更为简便、准确的孔口泄放流量工程计算式,式中涉及的蒸汽状态参数易于测试,采用的温度修正因子则提高了公式在低过热度下使用的准确性。同时,结合工程实例,分析此计算式的使用情况,并认为,完善后的蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量计算式将在蒸汽管道孔口泄放问题中有更为广泛的应用。     

半潜式钻井支持平台在不规则波中的时域耦合分析

基于三维势流理论和莫里森方程,运用水动力软件AQWA,计算半潜式钻井支持平台的水动力特性。同时运用时域耦合方法,计算了风、浪、流共同作用下,半潜式钻井支持平台在三种工况(迎浪、斜浪和横浪)下的运动响应及系泊系统动力响应。时域耦合分析结果验证了该钻井支持平台满足规范要求。     

大涡模拟在河道平面二维水流模拟中的初步应用

通过丁坝对水流进行控制是航道整治中常用的工程措施,丁坝附近水流呈强紊动特性,大涡模拟相对于基于雷诺方程的时均模型对涡旋有较强的捕捉能力。在直角坐标系的基础上,将大涡模拟中的亚格子应力模型(SGS模型)引入河道水流平面二维数学模型中,通过盒式滤波函数将控制方程进行滤波,大尺度量通过控制方程直接求解,小尺度量借助Smagorinsky提出的亚格子尺度应力模型进行求解。采用空间等步长的正方形网格和交替方向隐式差分法对其控制方程进行离散求解。将模型初步应用于非淹没丁坝绕流的数值模拟中,计算结果表明,该模型对湍流旋涡的捕捉和水深计算较为合理,计算精度可满足工程实践要求。     

新干枢纽下游河床冲淤及航道条件变化计算

根据赣江流域规划,在赣江下游三湖镇河段规划兴建新干航电枢纽,枢纽建成后坝下游的河床冲淤及水位变化需要进行预测研究。建立了坝址至南昌118 km长河段的一维水沙数学模型,计算了拟建新干枢纽坝下河道河床下切与水位下降情况。结果表明:在现状河道条件下,经过6~7个水文年河床调整后,枢纽下游河段河床冲淤接近平衡;经过10个水文年作用后,新干枢纽坝址下游附近河段河床最大冲刷深度为1.76 m,坝址下游附近水位最大下降值为1.56 m。分析了河床调整后坝址至南昌河段航道条件的变化。     

基于实体监测的混凝土导热系数分析

大体积混凝土内部温度场与裂缝息息相关,混凝土导热系数是分析温度场最重要的参数。调研了导热系数试验方法,包括:圆柱体法、防护热板法、热流计法,各种方法测得的导热系数介于0.37~3.99 W(m·K)。根据安仁铺船闸输水廊道侧墙混凝土温度监测结果,将混凝土构件简化为圆柱体进行导热系数计算,得到混凝土整体的导热系数为0.23 W(m·K)。利用计算得到的导热系数进行有限元模拟,计算结果与实际监测结果基本吻合。     

亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力控制圆柱绕流场特性研究

采用脱体涡模拟方法对弱电解质中电磁力作用下圆柱绕流场及其升阻力特性进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明,在亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力可以提高圆柱体边界层内的流体动能,延缓圆柱体近壁面流动分离,减弱绕流场中流向和展向大尺度涡的强度,减小圆柱体阻力及其升力脉动幅值;当电磁力作用参数大于某个临界值后,流动分离角消失,在圆柱体尾部产生射流现象,电磁力产生净推力作用,出现负阻力现象,而且升力脉动幅值显著减小且接近于零。     

疏水微形貌表面水下减阻研究进展

疏水微形貌表面减阻是一种新型仿生减阻方法,也是国内外减阻研究领域的热点之一。该文在分析天然及人造疏水微形貌表面界面一般特性的基础上,从壁面滑移流动、表面微形貌等角度总结了国内外疏水微形貌表面减阻理论研究的最新成果,然后分类给出了近年来疏水微形貌表面减阻微观及宏观试验的研究进展,最后分析了疏水微形貌表面可能的减阻机理及目前存在的技术问题。