Impacts of the 2004 Tsunami on Surin Marine National Park,Thailand

The impacts of the tsunami in 2004 on the reefs in Surin Marine National Park, Thailand, varied with the location and exposure of the reefs. Channel areas between islands were severely damaged. Areas with steep reef slopes were damaged by sand slides or coral collapse more than areas with low slopes. Massive, sub-massive, and encrusting corals were more resistant and resilient to the direct impact of the tsunami than branching, tabulate, and foliose life forms whereas the latter were more tolerant of temporary coverage by sand. Sub-massive corals were the most tolerant overall and survived sand coverage, breakage, and overturning. Live coral cover measured three months after the tsunami was significantly greater than immediately post-tsunami as broken, moved, or sand-covered corals, recorded as impacted in the initial survey, had survived and were regenerating. Low turbidity, lack of pollution, and mild currents possibly contributed to rapid recovery and limited long-term effects of the tsunami. Impact assessment shortly after a major disturbance may give an initial measure of damage but subsequent surveys must be undertaken to identify long-term effects. Understanding patterns of reef damage can help to formulate reef zoning and protection strategies in response to catastrophic events, but also in advance of such events to improve likely resilience of the marine park to disturbance.     

Measuring the environmental efficiency of the global aviation fleet

This research analyses the environmental footprint of the airline industry in an attempt to highlight potential paths for improvement. We develop a directional economic-environmental distance function (DEED) which accounts for the production of both desirable and undesirable output and the potential for constrained increases in input utilization. This research applies the modeling framework to analyze the potential to reduce noise and airborne pollutants emitted by aircraft–engine combinations given the current state of aeronautical technology. The global aircraft–engine market is viewed from the regulatory perspective in order to compare the single environmental and operational efficient frontier to that of the airline carriers, and environmental objectives. The results of DEED are then applied in order to substitute the fleets serving Schipol, Amsterdam and Arlanda, Stockholm airports in June 2010 with the benchmark aircraft. The results highlight the inefficiencies of the current airline fleets and that the IPCC values of externalities are a magnitude of TEN too low to encourage changes in the global fleet hence the need for government intervention.     

沥青路面施工温度变异与控制方法研究

基于施工温度变异的现象,科学地分析了沥青路面施工过程中导致温度变异的原因,并提出有针对性的处理措施,可为沥青路面施工质量控制提供依据.     

小半径曲线地段桥上无缝线路的设计研究

研究目的:解决小半径曲线地段桥上无缝线路设计的难题.研究结论:小半径曲线地段桥上无缝线路设计应重点从提高线路横向阻力、降低桥上无缝线路钢轨附加力、适当提高设计锁定轨温等几方面考虑.     

铁道车辆热轴与红外线轴温探测角度探讨

介绍了客货车转向架上与红外线轴温探测相关的构件的外部形状和尺寸，论述了适合我国铁路列车提速、货车重栽的红外线轴温探测角度和实际运用结果。     

地铁隧道半断面水平冻结施工的水热力耦合特性研究

地层冻结是一个水、热、力三场耦合问题,基于考虑相变的水热力耦合理论,分析地层温度场、水分场随时间的变化规律,对比冻结前后隧道开挖的位移场分布特点。研究表明:随着冻结时间的增加,冻结管周边土体的温度将逐渐降低并发生冻结,出现冻结区域扩大、交圈、冻结帷幕增厚等变化过程;冻结帷幕内的冻土存在未冻结水,随着冻结时间的增加,大多数位置的未冻结水体积含量出现先增大后减小的变化趋势;建议在冻结帷幕两侧下方追加冻结管以保证实际的冻结帷幕达到设计范围,并对冻结管距开挖轮廓线的距离进行差异化设定。     

基于耗散能理论的沥青路面温度疲劳开裂分析

该文通过沥青混合料温度循环作用下所产生的温度应力和应变的变化规律,运用耗散能理论分析沥青混合料的疲劳破坏过程,以便在路面维修改造设计中加以应用。     

粤西地区水稳施工质量通病成因及防治措施

针对粤西地区夏季高温多雨、蒸发量大及降雨以短时间小范围暴雨为主的气候特点,对水稳施工质量通病成因进行分析。从原材料控制、混合料级配控制、水泥剂量及含水量控制、混合料离析控制、混合料施工雨水防控、层间清理及水泥浆洒布质量控制、水稳养生控制和开放交通控制等多方面阐述了水稳质量通病防治措施要点。     

温度对沥青结合料老化性能的影响分析

为研究不同温度对基质及SBS改性沥青老化性能的影响,通过对AH—90#基质沥青和SBS改性沥青按照常规的试验方法在不同温度下拌和成型试件,进而对其抽提、蒸馏测试回收沥青的各项性能指标。试验结果表明：随着沥青混合料拌和温度的升高,其沥青的老化程度也随着增加,且当温度增加到一定温度时（AH—90#,155℃;SBS改性沥青,165℃）沥青的老化开始急剧增加;在相同的温度下SBS改性沥青的老化程度均比基质沥青要小,说明SBS改性沥青的抗老化性能优于AH—90#基质沥青。     

牵引变压器的过负荷能力及容量的合理选择

牵引变压器的过负荷能力一般受限于变压器绕组最热点温度和顶层油温.在评价牵引变压器的过负荷能力时,所选择的典型负荷曲线必须合理,使之能够正确反映线路的牵引变压器运行状况.本文以一种典型负荷曲线为例,对牵引变压器的温升计算和寿命损失做了研究,并从安全性和经济性角度对牵引变压器容量的合理选择进行了探讨.