Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

关于金融法体系构建的若干思考

对于金融法体系的构建,学者们的观点不一。很多学者提出了金融法的体系,但是认识有所不同。对金融法体系的构建存在的偏差,原因在于很多学者忽视了或者说是错误理解了法学体系和法律体系的区别。我们应当分析法学体系和法律体系的区别,认识到对金融法的体系不能简单的固定,只能是随着社会的发展和时代的进步而不断地加以完善。     

数据挖掘中的序列模式的研究

本文就数据挖掘中序列模式的概念和作用进行了探讨,并对序列模式的实现过程用程序流程的方式加以说明,并给出了序列模式实现算法的步骤。     

导管螺旋桨削边研究和实践

常规螺旋桨应用削边技术进行船—机—桨的匹配已经十分成熟和广泛。但关于导管螺旋桨应用削边技术进行旧船的船—机—桨的重新匹配的实践较少。文章应用螺旋桨削边技术对导管螺旋桨进行削边,并取得了成功。     

论我国现行《环境保护法》的完善及环境立法走向

近年来，在环境法理论和实践中出现的对“环境公益诉讼”、环境NGO的研究热、实践热，2005年前后中国发生的数起重大的环境侵害纠纷争议案件、2005年底《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》的颁布，2006年“十一五”规划的实施和第六次全国环境会议的召开，所有这些促成本文对现行的环境法制建设和环境保护立法进行新的思考。     

科研单位转制后人才资源问题研究及对策

探究科研单位转制后人才资源的开发和管理课题。调研了科研体制改革对人才资源的影响，剖析人力资源管理现状及存在的主要问题，并有针对性地阐述了应对措施，最后从战略层面思考科研单位转制后，如何实现“人才强企”的目标。从理论角度提出实施企业人才主体战略、实施智力资源资本化战略和实施人才管理体制改革战略等观点。     

湿陷性黄土地基强夯和冲击压实技术经济分析

0引言湿陷性是指土在自重或附加应力与自重共同作用下受水浸湿后产生急剧而大量的下沉。国标中规定:当sδ≥0.015时,为湿陷性黄土。通常湿陷性黄土地基较多采用强夯法处理,其主要特点是适应性强,经济简便;而冲击压实技术是20世纪90年代从南非蓝派公司引进,具有减少工后沉降效果     

工程机械柴油机的匹配选择

为选择适应工程机械使用特点的柴油机，对工程机械配套的柴油机选型方式进行了概括分析，着重介绍在柴油机对比选择时的关键性能参数。说明了工程机械用柴油机抗过载能力的特殊要求，总结出通过性能参数和曲线的对比来匹配选择柴油机的方法。     

我国高速铁路速度目标值问题的研究

196 4年日本建成东海道干线时速 2 0 0 km/h的高速客运铁路 ,揭开了世界高速铁路发展的序幕。由于高速技术日趋成熟和它自身所具有的技术经济特征 ,适应了各国经济、社会发展的需要 ,世界各国竞相提高速度、修建高速客运铁路 ,至今已有 10个国家 (日本、法国、英国、美国、意大利、西班牙、荷兰、俄罗斯等 )建成时速 2 0 0 km/h以上的高速铁路。高速铁路的修建和发展标志着世界铁路已进入了向高速发展的新时代。本论文不涉及对高速铁路系统模式优劣的比选 ,仅就对已报国家审批的高中速共线方案的高速铁路中的有关问题进行研究和探讨。本文提出了我国发展高速铁路是当务之急 ,讨论了高速铁路目标值的确定 ,对于高中速共线运行方案下的有关部分参数选取 ,提出了优化方法 ,以期为高速铁路规划和建设作参考 ,为深化研究提供基础条件。     

The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.