城市轨道交通杂散电流防护失效原因及新型防护方案研究

结合城市轨道交通工程杂散电流产生的根源及传输路径,对目前常规采用的防护方法效果不佳的原因进行分析.针对杂散电流产生的源头,提出在钢轨绝缘扣件处,扩大并长期持续保证其绝缘爬距有效性;针对杂散电流的传输,提出有效阻断其非预期传输路径的新思路及方案,包括双绝缘节及定向回流方案等;对杂散电流的泄漏总量进行有效控制,实现城市轨道...     

Determination of t8/5 cooling times for underwater local dry welding of steel

Knowledge of thermal history is the basic condition for studying the structure - properties of welded joints. The determinant of thermal history is the thermal cycle, whose in-situ measurements are still a big challenge. Water as the welding environment complicates this issue even more. The article presents a method to determine an equation for calculating t_8/5 cooling times for underwater gas metal arc welding of unalloyed steels using the local dry cavity method. The work uses the contact method of temperature measurements with the use of thermocouples to obtain the temperature changes of the points of welded joints covered by the thermal field. On this basis, the values of the t_8/5 cooling times were determined. A regression analysis of the Response Surface Method was used to determine the equation, which resulted in a second-order model with interactions. Statistically significant factors were determined (thickness of welded elements and heat input value) and the model veracity was confirmed as the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance (homoscedasticity) of the residuals were met. The t_8/5 cooling time values depend on the thickness of the welded elements and heat input value in a nonlinear way. In terms of the test conditions, the cooling times ranged from 3.0 to 7.7 s. The equation allowed for the calculation of t_8/5 cooling times during underwater welding of unalloyed steels using the local dry cavity method based on the variability of the experimental conditions with satisfactory accuracy.     

喷水对氩气循环天然气发动机爆震及热效率的影响分析

基于一台汽油/天然气两用燃料的涡轮增压三缸发动机，建立 GT-Power仿真模型，研究喷水对准氩气动力循环发动机工作过程的影响。结果表明，在低负荷工况下，喷水后缸内的温度和压力都下降；增大水气比 （水和甲烷的质量比） 和推迟点火则传热损失减少但排气损失增加，存在热效率提升的较宽水气比范围和最优的水气比，推迟点火时刻和喷水对于爆震有良好的抑制作用。在大负荷爆震工况下，喷水能够显著抑制爆震，提前点火时刻可以得到更优的燃烧效率，喷水可使制动平均有效压力 （Brake Mean Effective Pressure，BMEP） 为0.6 MPa时指示热效率提高0.2%、有效热效 率提高0.1%，0.8 MPa工况的指示热效率提高0.4%、有效热效率提高0.2%，1.2 MPa工况的指示热效率提高1.2%、有效热效率提高0.8% （水气比为1工况相对于水气比为0.4工况）。结合低负荷工况和高负荷工况的表现，发现喷水能有效抑制发动机的爆震，并能提升发动机的热效率。     

基于HOTTEL日照辐射模型的船体温度变形预报方法

基于HOTTEL日照辐射模型,提出计及日照因素影响的船体温度变形预报方法,根据赤纬角和太阳时角等参数计算船体表面日照辐射强度,与二维稳态热传导理论和薄壁梁弯曲理论结合,计算船体梁水平和垂向弯曲变形。以某典型超大型油船为例,计算不同季节考虑日照辐射的船体变形,预报结果与有限元计算结果在夏季和冬季分别相差约3.97%和14.29%,满足工程应用要求。     

基于热平衡法的方壳电池电芯温度预测模型

据不完全统计，电动汽车大多在充电过程中发生自燃，如何在热失控前通过温度进行预警显得尤为重要。针对方形锂离子电池，构建了适用于嵌入式应用的电芯温度预测模型。通过试验精准测量电池各项热物性参数，对电池表面和电池卷芯分别进行热平衡分析，建立不同的能量守恒方程，对电池进行网格划分，进一步构建电池三维温度预测模型。仿真结果表明，热平衡模型不仅能够预测出电池每一部分的温度，而且预测的电芯温度误差不超过0.35 ℃，对快充条件下的电池温度预测有重要意义。     

特种车辆重载电动轮用轮毂电机热特性分析及冷却水道优化

为了准确分析轮毂电机温度场，基于电磁场有限元分析，采用考虑旋转磁化及谐波磁场的方法计算铁耗，并计算了轮毂电机各部件生热率。采用基于有限体积法的流固耦合分析和基于热网络法的磁热耦合分析，分别计算了额定工况下轮毂电机温度场，将轮毂电机温升试验和仿真结果进行了对比。结果表明，基于有限体积法的流固耦合分析得出的绕组稳态温度计算误差为1.8%，基于热网路法的磁热耦合分析计算误差为2.5%，验证了两种温度场分析方法的正确性。对不同结构冷却水道的热阻和压降进行了理论分析，基于Pareto遗传算法对螺旋型水道进行多目标优化，在保证额定工况电机稳态温升基本不变的情况下使水道压降降低了22.9%。     

Stability of submarine bi-material pipeline-liner system with novel polyhedral composites subjected to thermal and mechanical loading fields

This study is concerned with the thermal and mechanical instability behaviors of composite novel liners encased in deteriorated pipelines. A liner may contain many connected segments, and two adjacent segments may become disconnected after long years of service. In such a case, the single disconnected segment may reduce to a ring. An innovative polyhedral configuration is introduced to improve the bending stiffness of the composite ring that is confined by the pipeline. The radius and bending rigidity of the ring are simplified analytically to facilitate the derivation of the critical buckling load. By employing the classical shell criteria, and defining an admissible displacement function, the expression of the potential energy function is obtained with only two unknown parameters. Taking the first derivative of the energy function to the two unknowns respectively generates two equilibrium equations. By solving the two equations, the analytical buckling load is obtained for a composite polyhedral ring in a thermal variational field. Then, two comparisons are taken between the present analytical predictions and results from elsewhere, and good agreements are obtained. An amplification coefficient is defined as the ratio between the buckling load of the polyhedral and circular rings. Finally, parametric evaluations indicate the amplification coefficient reduces with the increase of thickness-to-radius ratio, the increase of the number of sides, and the increase of the temperature variation, respectively. Therefore, a polyhedral ring with a low thickness-to-radius ratio is recommended in engineering applications.     

基于AVEVA Marine二次开发的舱室绝缘快速建模方法

为提升三维环境舱室绝缘的建模效率，提出舱室曲面绝缘及型材绝缘快速建模的二次开发方法，基于造船及海工设计系统(AVEVA Marine, AM)平台，运用可编程宏语言(PML)进行二次开发，通过拾取模型计算三维坐标点，简化重复性建模工作和操作流程，实现绝缘快速建模，方便设计人员使用。通过开发的绝缘快速建模功能与原生建模功能的对比，验证二次开发的高效性。