Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.     

Non-local simulation of the stable boundary layer with a third order moments closure model

A new higher order closure model for the stable boundary layer is presented and compared with Large Eddy Simulation data. The model includes numerical solutions for the mean values, second and third order moments equations. A satisfactory agreement is found between the calculated vertical profiles of the turbulent quantities with those provided by the LES. Furthermore the new model results are compared with profiles obtained with a lower order closure model in order to verify the effective importance of including third order dynamical equations in the model.     

双层嵌套多目标概率模型在珠江三角洲港口工程环境分析中的应用

鉴于未来全球气候变暖、台风强度和频次有逐渐加剧的趋势,建港地区工程风险须得到重视。在分析了珠江三角洲所受台风灾害的基本类型后,采用双层嵌套多目标概率模式及复合极值分布模型（MCEVD）对珠三角的台风灾害及超强台风进行了预测,并将计算结果应用于港区最大风速、波高、排水等方面的设计。该模型能全面系统地反映台风致灾的整体机制,在港口工程环境分析中得到了较好的应用。     

轻质耐压壳体减重研究

本文结合几种材料的特性,对壳体的结构做了力学分析,研究了轻质耐压壳体的减重方向。研究中发现,隔板的设计对壳体的重量影响很大,因此详细分析了凹凸两种形式端板的力学特性,发现同等厚度条件下,凸型隔板的变形量小、安全系数高。分析对比了铝基合金、复合材料、钛合金的材料特性、加工特性、国内开发现状以及成本,认为现阶段应以铝基合金的改进为主,并关注其他材料的进展对壳体进行减重设计。     

路基填方过度碾压开裂的力学分析

结合兰州市北滨河路银农段路堤填筑施工中出现的大范围的表层裂缝,选取合适的应力函数进行力学分析．从而找到了产生这种裂缝的力学机理．提出防止出现类似裂缝的措施,以指导施工。     

宣杭铁路复线工程某标段路堤坍塌情况分析

通过对宣杭铁路复线工程某标段路堤坍塌情况的分析可知,采用干喷法加固路基时应结合土层的实际情况．且设计方与施工方要通力合作,对施工方案作相应调整,这是确保工程质量的关键。     

辽阳地区地基土的工程地质特点分析

利用取样分析的方法,对辽阳地区地基土的工程地质特点进行了统计分析。分析结果对辽阳地区的工程勘察、设计、施工具有一定的指导意义。     

高速公路乳化沥青透层及稀浆封层施工技术要点分析

在公路工程施工中,对于乳化沥青透层及稀浆封层的施工应根据配合比设计、施工条件、地材及气象等不同情况采取相应技术措施,做到连续、匀速施工,应强化施工组织管理,严格每道工序的质量控制,精心施工、规范作业,确保工程质量。     

高速公路桥面混凝土铺装层病害及处置措施

桥面铺装质量的好坏是保证高速公路运行质量的关键因素。结合宁宿徐、乍嘉苏、常张和杭州湾大桥北接线等高速公路的工程实践,就高速公路混凝土桥面铺装的病害成因进行简要分析,并提出相应的处治措施,为设计、施工和监理提供参考。