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81.
随着汽车驾驶模拟器在道路交通仿真中的广泛应用,驾驶员对视景的逼真度也相应地提出了较高的要求。视景仿真系统作为模拟器的一个子系统,其逼真度和实时的动态显示是影响道路交通仿真的关键因素。文中介绍了高等级公路三维视景的建模过程、实现方法,以及地形的简化技术。设计成果表明,这种方法对于利用驾驶模拟器进行道路交通仿真等方面的研究是可行的。 相似文献
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The concept of rescheduling is essential to activity-based modeling in order to calculate effects of both unexpected incidents and adaptation of individuals to traffic demand management measures. When collaboration between individuals is involved or timetable based public transportation modes are chosen, rescheduling becomes complex. This paper describes a new framework to investigate algorithms for rescheduling at a large scale. The framework allows to explicitly model the information flow between traffic information services and travelers. It combines macroscopic traffic assignment with microscopic simulation of agents adapting their schedules. Perception filtering is introduced to allow for traveler specific interpretation of perceived macroscopic data and for information going unnoticed; perception filters feed person specific short term predictions about the environment required for schedule adaptation. Individuals are assumed to maximize schedule utility. Initial agendas are created by the FEATHERS activity-based schedule generator for mutually independent individuals using an undisturbed loaded transportation network. The new framework allows both actor behavior and external phenomena to influence the transportation network state; individuals interpret the state changes via perception filtering and start adapting their schedules, again affecting the network via updated traffic demand. The first rescheduling mechanism that has been investigated uses marginal utility that monotonically decreases with activity duration and a monotonically converging relaxation algorithm to efficiently determine the new activity timing. The current framework implementation is aimed to support re-timing, re-location and activity re-sequencing; re-routing at the level of the individual however, requires microscopic travel simulation. 相似文献
84.
Motor vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government took various policies to convert the petroleum vehicles on road to run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which allows both air quality improvements and energy security benefits. One of the market friendly policies to encourage the fuel switch was to increase the price differential between CNG and petrol and diesel. This has allowed a wide-scale adoption of CNG as the fuel of choice. However, several years into the policy, there is now a widespread belief among the policymakers that the CNG conversion may have increased car ownership and car travel due to their lower running costs, resulting in more congestion and a reversal of the strategy is on the cards. It is therefore important to test the hypothesis whether CNG conversion had genuinely increased car ownership and car travel in Dhaka city. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and an econometric intervention analysis to understand the impact of CNG conversion on car ownership and car travel in Dhaka. Attention is also given to disentangle the self-selection and price-induced travel effects of CNG conversion. Results show that ownership did not increase, but travel of on-road vehicles increased due to the CNG policy. However, additional congestion costs are still around one half of the health benefits brought about by the policy. 相似文献
85.
With the ubiquitous nature of mobile sensing technologies, privacy issues are becoming increasingly important, and need to be carefully addressed. Data needs for transportation modeling and privacy protection should be deliberately balanced for different applications. This paper focuses on developing privacy mechanisms that would simultaneously satisfy privacy protection and data needs for fine-grained urban traffic modeling applications using mobile sensors. To accomplish this, a virtual trip lines (VTLs) zone-based system and related filtering approaches are developed. Traffic-knowledge-based adversary models are proposed and tested to evaluate the effectiveness of such a privacy protection system by making privacy attacks. The results show that in addition to ensuring an acceptable level of privacy, the released datasets from the privacy-enhancing system can also be applied to urban traffic modeling with satisfactory results. Albeit application-specific, such a “Privacy-by-Design” approach would hopefully shed some light on other transportation applications using mobile sensors. 相似文献
86.
结合传统设计方法和现代优化方法有效地解决了原设计中装载机不能满足平移性和自动放平性的问题;在用作图法确定铰接点大致位置的基础上,建立了连杆机构参数化模型,并对模型进行了优化研究。结果表明:新机构能满足平移性和自动放平性要求。该方法对类似的机构优化问题有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
87.
移动荷载下路面结构应力响应分析 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:9
实际中汽车总是以一定的速度行驶在路面上,首先将汽车荷载简化为移动的均布荷载,借助大型有限元软件ABAQUS,利用三维动力有限元方法,分析了移动荷载下车辆正常行驶状态、慢速行驶及刹车情况时路面结构内部应力响应规律。分析结果表明,较低的速度将会使路面结构内部产生更大的应力,各应力分量与速度变化基本呈线性关系;刹车过程中在路表面产生的水平荷载对路表面层附近的水平剪应力影响相当大,在刹车较频繁区域,提高面层及其层间接触面的抗剪强度,可减少或防止推挤、拥包等病害的出现。分析结果可为路面结构设计和路面施工提供理论参考。 相似文献
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驾驶员眼椭圆二维正态分布理论解释 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文以二维正态分布理论为依据,解释为什么正常驾驶姿势下汽车驾驶员眼睛位置在车身坐标系中的分布图形呈椭圆形。并说明驾驶员眼椭圆视切比与包含比之间的内在联系。 相似文献
90.