An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.     

120阀试验过程的计算机仿真——紧急阀模型及仿真结果

建立了１２０紧急阀和试验台计算仿真模型，仿真了１２０紧急阀在试验台上的试验过程，结果表明：该模型能很好的仿真１２０阀在试验台上紧急阀试验，利用模型预测了试验台管径变化对紧急阀试验性能的影响，计算发现：管径主要影响紧急灵敏度和列车管排气时间。压力表安装位置分析表明：对于气体流速较快工况，测量结果与压力表的位置相关性较大，需要慎性确定压力表位置。该工作为试验台设计、试验规范制定和１２０紧急阀性能改进提     

樊屯隧道施工监控测量及数据模拟分析

隧道的施工监控测量对保证工程质量与安全具有重要意义。在建兴高速樊屯隧道施工过程中，对地表沉降、拱顶下沉、围岩收敛等进行了监控测量。介绍了樊屯隧道施工监控测量的内容与方法，并对监测数据进行了模拟分析。结果表明，隧道的地表沉降、拱顶下沉、围岩收敛在隧道施工后的15 d 里变形迅速，在随后一个月逐渐趋于稳定；对观测数据所建立的回归分析模型具有较大的判定系数 R2，模型具有较好的稳定性与预测能力。     

基坑开挖对紧邻建筑物沉降影响的数值分析

该文介绍了采用数值模拟方法对某地道工程基坑对临近建筑物的影响进行的分析。通过有限元模型,分析了南地道开挖过程对紧邻建筑物沉降的影响,并与监测数据对比。结果表明此方法计算值与监测值基本吻合,可以较好地模拟基坑紧邻建筑物的沉降规律。最后用此方法预测了北地道开挖对紧邻基坑北侧建筑物沉降的影响,对北地道工程施工有一定指导意义。     

An insight into linear quarter car model accuracy

The linear quarter car model is the most widely used suspension system model. A number of authors expressed doubts about the accuracy of the linear quarter car model in predicting the movement of a complex nonlinear suspension system. In this investigation, a quarter car rig, designed to mimic the popular MacPherson strut suspension system, is subject to narrowband excitation at a range of frequencies using a motor driven cam. Linear and nonlinear quarter car simulations of the rig are developed. Both isolated and operational testing techniques are used to characterise the individual suspension system components. Simulations carried out using the linear and nonlinear models are compared to measured data from the suspension test rig at selected excitation frequencies. Results show that the linear quarter car model provides a reasonable approximation of unsprung mass acceleration but significantly overpredicts sprung mass acceleration magnitude. The nonlinear simulation, featuring a trilinear shock absorber model and nonlinear tyre, produces results which are significantly more accurate than linear simulation results. The effect of tyre damping on the nonlinear model is also investigated for narrowband excitation. It is found to reduce the magnitude of unsprung mass acceleration peaks and contribute to an overall improvement in simulation accuracy.     

浅埋隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应分析

为研究隧道爆破作用下邻近框架结构的振动响应机制，以某5层框架结构住宅楼为例，借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立基于隧道爆破-围岩-框架结构的三维耦合数值计算模型，分析隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应。研究结果表明： 数值模拟清晰地展示了隧道爆破作用下围岩和框架结构应力场、位移场的变化情况，给出了爆破振动波从围岩至框架结构的传播过程。通过对比实测测点与数值模拟中对应测点的振动速度时程曲线和频率分布，验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在隧道爆破作用下，邻近框架结构梁、柱以及外墙等构件的振动响应并不一致，随结构高度呈现出不同的变化规律。此外，应力集中现象主要发生在建筑物底层外墙、外墙与柱结合处、外墙与梁结合处以及外墙与楼板结合处等非承重部位，表明这些部位更易在隧道爆破过程中发生损伤开裂。     

高速铁路进站节能坡设计方法研究

在线路纵断面的设计中引入节能坡设计理念,对优化线路纵断面设计、降低牵引能耗值和节省运营支出具有重要意义。根据高速铁路的特点,提出高速铁路进站节能坡的设计方法和计算算法,给出计算流程,确定各影响参数的约束条件。开发进站节能坡设计程序模块,实现多参数化的进站节能坡设计。在此基础上,采用计算机仿真分析方法,对车站坡段坡度、车站中心至节能坡变坡点距离、动车组编组质量、进站制动力使用系数、节能坡进入初始速度5个主要影响因素进行计算和仿真分析,确定各因素对进站节能坡的影响程度,为进站节能坡的设计提供参考和依据。     

车用发动机扭转振动的分析与控制

基于扭转振动的基本原理,对发动机两种类型的扭转振动减振器的设计计算做深入的陈述.结合两款有针对性的发动机,对所要计算的基本参数及该参数所要限定的范围作了具体说明.最后用本公司自主开发的发动机扭振分析软件对一款发动机进行模拟计算,并与试验测量结果进行对比分析,并证明计算的结果是准确可靠的.     

Influence of priority taking and abstaining at single-lane roundabouts using cellular automata

Existing roundabout simulation models fail to consider all types of driver behavior which compromises their accuracy and ability to accurately evaluate roundabout performance. Further, these non-compliant driver behaviors, including priority taking and priority abstaining, are inconsistent with existing traffic flow theories. In this paper, a new cellular automata model, C.A.Rsim, is developed and calibrated with field data from five single-lane roundabouts in four northeastern states. Model results indicate that approximately 20% of the individuals in the driver population are inclined to priority taking and approximately 20% are inclined to priority abstaining behavior, though the observed levels of these types of behavior are naturally lower and vary with traffic volume. The model results also corroborate other research indicating that current models can overestimate capacity at higher circulating volumes, possibly a result of the jamming effect produced by priority taking behavior. The reduction in priority abstaining behavior, which is observed at older roundabouts, significantly reduces delay and queue length in certain traffic volumes. C.A.Rsim is also more parsimonious than many existing microsimulation models. These results provide insight on how variations in conflicting flow (i.e., traffic volume and turning movement balance) impact the amount of observed non-compliant behavior.     

基于VB的测控装备模拟训练系统设计及实现

系统采用计算机仿真技术、系统仿真技术、网络技术、串口通信技术，介绍了该系统特点、组成和关键技术，并针对关键技术问题作了深入细致的探讨，给出了解决该问题的途径。