Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市道路交叉口借道右转车道设置方法

为了弥补交叉口空间布局中对借道右转车道研究的不足,分析了借道右转车辆在两相邻交叉口间的运行过程,将两交叉口间距分为四部分。采用波动理论、考虑驾驶员的操作顺适性以及采用概率论方法,建立了借道右转的右转车道适宜开口位置模型、借道右转的绿化带开口长度模型和路段右转车辆的合流段长度模型,在此基础上得到了实施借道右转的两交叉口最小间距模型。实例分析表明,所得模型符合两相邻交叉口间的交通流运行实际,对于判断两相邻交叉口是否适合于设置借道右转,以及设置借道右转时如何对各构成部分进行分析具有指导意义。     

“1+X”证书制度下的汽车检测与维修专业“三教”存在问题研究

在教学过程中,"师资,教材,教法"是基本内容,教学质量指标也受到影响。本文以新能汽车检验维修专业为例,对职教二十条进行了分析。职业教育"三教一体化"改革的重要性,同时,针对教师,教材和教学方法等问题提出了切实可行的改革思路,仅供相关人员参考。     

电话叫车业务中的乘客信用缺失及其对策

对电话叫车业务中的信用缺失问题进行了界定,简要分析了造成乘客信用缺失的原因,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

加强供应链管理 构建节约型社会

以我国能源短缺为切入点,认为实施供应链管理可以使企业降低成本、创造竞争的整体优势,实现供求间的良好合作,为建设循环经济奠定基础。以实例说明了供应链管理给企业带来的显著经济效益。最后指出开展供应链管理对构建节约型社会、实现经济的可持续发展有重大意义。     

三维植被网护坡在高速公路边坡中的试验

针对易发生崩塌、泻溜的砂性土质坡面和半风化的石质挖方边坡 ,新台高速公路的边坡防护采用一种新型三维植被网植草护坡试验 ,对成型边坡及时支护能有效改善公路沿线的景观     

东西方思维方式和文化特质比较——兼论跨文化领导力

尽管东西方思维方式的彼此渗透和文化融合是大趋势，但东西方在思维方式、文化特质、领导风格、沟通习惯、价值判断标准等诸多方面的确存在较大差异却是不争的事实。在相对封闭隔离的环境中，这些差异容易被忽视，引发的问题也是个别的、局部的、非典型的和非尖锐的。然而，今天的世界已是一个全球化一体化的开放世界，开放的世界必然面对劳动力多元化及价值取向和思维模式差异化问题，必然面对跨文化领导力的挑战。本文较为系统而简要地梳理了东西方在思维方式和文化特质等方面的差异，旨在为解决因差异而导致的跨文化冲突和挑战寻到一把开启的钥匙。     

海工钢筋混凝土桩防腐蚀的基本途径与工程实践

结合工程实践，介绍海工钢筋混凝土桩防腐蚀的基本途径和提高钢筋混凝土桩使用年限的基本方法，并通过工程实例详细介绍桩基防腐施工过程。     

Parametric study of the main parameters influencing the catalytic efficiency of a diesel oxidation catalyst: Parameters influencing the efficiency of a diesel catalyst

This work studies the impact of five parameters: CO and HC engine-out emissions, space velocity, average value and profile of exhaust temperature, on Diesel CO and HC tail-pipe emissions. The first part of this work is conducted on a reactor and shows that both HC and CO light-off temperature increases with CO and HC input concentration. CO and HC initial concentration influence the adsorption/desorption capacities of HC only at high temperatures. Space velocity also influences CO and HC conversion efficiency. The second part of this work studies the impact of different combinations of HC and CO engine-out emissions on CO and HC conversion and tail-pipe emissions in the case of New European Driving Cycle. This part proposes that a Diesel oxidation catalyst must be mainly studied at the Urban Part of NEDC, as the CO and HC conversions are very high at the extra-urban part of NEDC. CO and HC conversion efficiencies are also dependent on exhaust temperature and catalytic volume. In the case of two different profiles of exhaust temperature with the same average temperature, CO and HC conversion efficiency is lower in the case of the smoother profile.     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.