船舶机舱通风数值模拟分析

利用CFD技术对某船舶机舱通风系统进行数值模拟,提出机舱气流组织改进措施.选取舱内典型截面进行分析,指出可以通过安装隔屏来消除舱内大漩涡,同时调节机械抽风口数量和位置,可使舱内气流组织得到改善;对舱内人员活动区域进行分析,表明活动区域环境速度、温度均符合设计要求,而且风机开度与舱内温度密切相关,根据舱内不同温度要求合理选择开度可节省资源.模拟结果证明CFD技术有利于机舱通风设计,为通风系统的改进提供了有力工具.     

Competitiveness prioritisation of container ports in Asia under the background of China’s Belt and Road initiative

ABSTRACT

The understanding of the competitiveness of different ports under the background of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is critical for drafting appropriate plans and taking suitable actions to select the best port in the logistics supply chains. A novel Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA) was proposed for the evaluation of port competitiveness. In the developed MADA method, the interval Analytic Hierarchy Process and the projection method was combined for the evaluation of port competitiveness. Three container ports in Asia including Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore were studied under the background of China’s BRI. The results demonstrate that the port of Singapore is the most competitive at the initial stage of China’s BRI, followed by Hong Kong and Shanghai in the descending order. The results were validated by sum weighted method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method, and sensitivity analysis was also carried out. The competitiveness of the three ports in the next ten years were also studied with the consideration of the influences of China’s BRI, and the results reveal that Shanghai port can even exceed Hong Kong port and Singapore port if it can effectively take the advantage s of China’s BRI.     

基于区间摄动理论的隧道结构响应分析

基于区间摄动理论,针对隧道结构不确定量,结合基于单元的有限元方法,建立了隧道结构区间求解模型.该模型采用8节点等参元进行离散,同时考虑物理参数不确定性、材料非均质不确定性和荷载不确定性,利用区间有限元方法,对模型进行了不确定性分析,得到了隧道结构静力响应的区间范围,并将结果与ANSYS软件分析结果相对比.数值结果表明该模型在求解隧道结构不确定性问题是有效的、可行的.     

基于集合覆盖模型的报废汽车回收点选址优化研究

报废汽车是重要的再生资源,为了提高报废汽车的回收利用率,实现其经济价值和资源环境价值,需要构建高效率、高效益的报废汽车逆向物流网络,而报废汽车回收点的选址对整个网络的运作有重大影响。本文以成都市为例构建了报废汽车回收点选址优化的集合覆盖模型,然后针对该模型设计了相应的算法,并对模型进行了分析和验证。     

冰雪条件下公交发车间隔优化研究

分析了冰雪对公交车辆运行影响的3个方面,建立了基于乘客等待费用最小化、公交线路效益最大化的发车间隔优化模型,研究冰雪条件下发车间隔的确定方法,为冰雪条件下公交线路的运营调度提供建议.结合实例分析了冰雪条件下公交线路调度方案的制定办法.     

Gender differences in activity participation,time-of-day and duration choices: new evidence from Calgary

To date only limited research has quantified differences between female and male activity patterns, and analyses at an individual activity level are scarce. Past research has focused on investigating gender differences in mobility levels based on observed travel patterns, especially those related to commuting. This article reports new evidence based on analyses of a household activity survey data-set collected from a Canadian city – Calgary – in 2001. Results show that contemporary females and males have a very similar activity participation pattern. On the other hand, analyses applied to activity starting times support the view that there are minor gender differences in time-of-day choices. In addition, duration and survival analyses through log-rank and Wilcoxon tests show that women and men tend to spend more or less time on some of the 10 weekend/weekday activities, and thus indicate that they share different domestic and societal responsibilities: males tend to spend longer time for out-of-home activities, such as work, school, social, and out-of-town; whereas females contribute more to domestic work, including shopping, eating, and religious activity. In general, this article contributes new evidence to gender differences in activity participation, time-of-day, and duration choices at the individual activity level. Such differences may influence travelers’ time, mode, and location choices and thus have important implications for the complexity of an activity-based modeling framework. These implications are discussed along with recommendations for incorporating gender differences in an activity-based modeling framework.     

基于绿间隔矩阵的信号配时计算方法研究及应用

合理的绿灯间隔对保障交叉口交通安全和提高通行能力至关重要,国内还没有制定绿灯间隔时间计算的具体标准。文中以交叉口时空资源最大化为目标,以常见的十字交叉口为研究对象,基于交通冲突分析探讨建立交叉口各流向绿间隔矩阵的方法,通过对非冲突流向之间优化组合划分相位方法的探讨,提出了信号设置"大小相位"的概念,采用绿间隔矩阵分析了相位之间的绿间隔时间计算方法。实例仿真分析表明,该配时方法实用可行。     

高填方土石混合材料剪切波速含石量因素分析

采用室内重型击实试验的方法,分别对砂土、粉质黏土、低液限黏性土3种土样的纯土试件和土石混合试件进行了不同含水量、不同含石量情况下试件剪切波速对比试验,研究了土石混合试件在密度一定条件下混合料宏观剪切波速及石料间隙土表征剪切波速随含石量的变化规律,分析了含石量对剪切波速影响的机理。大量试验结果表明,含石量与土石混合介质的剪切波速存在显著的相关性。同时这种相关性随含水率的变化而波动,含水率对混合料剪切波速的影响随含石量的增大而减小。研究结果将为土石混合料间隙土剪切波速测试模型提供依据。     

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为了明确客运出租汽车服务质量管理的重点,根据SERVPERF模型将客运出租汽车服务质量划分为22个构成要素.以杭州市为例进行乘客调查,采用区间估计法计算各服务质量构成要素的重要度和绩效均值及其置信区间,建立服务质量的重要度-绩效分析四象限矩阵,在95%置信水平下从12个构成要素中获得客运出租汽车服务质量重点改善的5方面内容.结果表明,客运出租汽车服务质量管理应从提高车辆档次、外观和加强安全设施配置转向改善车内卫生、治理驾驶员拒载绕道和规范驾驶员行为;采用区间估计修正传统重要度-绩效分析法,可减少问卷调查的统计误差,使客运出租汽车服务质量评价结果更加可信.     

Confidence interval estimation for path flow estimator

The uncertainty of an origin-destination (O-D) trip table estimate is affected by two factors: (i) the multiplicity of solutions due to the underspecified nature of the problem, and (ii) the errors of traffic counts. In this paper, a confidence interval estimation procedure for path flow estimator (PFE) is developed for assessing the quality of O-D trip tables estimated from traffic counts. The confidence interval estimation consists of two parts: (i) a generalized demand scale (GDS) measure for quantifying the intrinsic underspecified nature of the O-D estimation problem at various spatial levels, and (ii) an error bound to quantify the contribution of input errors (traffic counts) to the estimation results. Numerical results using PFE as the O-D estimator show that the proposed confidence interval estimation procedure is able to separate the two sources of uncertainty in constructing the confidence intervals at various spatial levels. Simulation results also confirm that the proposed quality measure indeed contain the true estimates within the defined confidence intervals.