机外净化技术对 GDI 发动机颗粒排放的影响

通过缸内直喷汽油机颗粒测量试验,研究了怠速工况、最大扭矩工况及常用工况下三效催化器（TWC）和汽油机用颗粒捕集器（GPF）对发动机尾气中颗粒数量浓度及质量浓度的处理效率。结果表明：在低转速小负荷工况,三效催化器与颗粒捕集器对颗粒具有较高的处理效率;随着转速与负荷的增加,两者的处理效率均下降,三效催化器对颗粒处理能力明显降低,而颗粒捕集器整体保持较高的捕集效率;当二者联合工作时,在常用行驶工况下对颗粒的捕集效率达到80％以上。在高转速大负荷工况,由于尾气空速增加,颗粒捕集器捕集效率下降导致整个后处理系统对颗粒的处理效率降低。     

A theoretical model of speed-dependent steering torque for rolling tyres

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the tyre steering torque is highly dependent on the tyre rolling speed. In limited cases, i.e. parking manoeuvre, the steering torque approaches the maximum. With the increasing tyre speed, the steering torque decreased rapidly. Accurate modelling of the speed-dependent behaviour for the tyre steering torque is a key factor to calibrate the electric power steering (EPS) system and tune the handling performance of vehicles. However, no satisfactory theoretical model can be found in the existing literature to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to model this important tyre behaviour, which includes three key factors: (1) tyre three-dimensional transient rolling kinematics with turn-slip; (2) dynamical force and moment generation; and (3) the mixed Lagrange–Euler method for contact deformation solving. A nonlinear finite-element code has been developed to implement the proposed approach. It can be found that the main mechanism for the speed-dependent steering torque is due to turn-slip-related kinematics. This paper provides a theory to explain the complex mechanism of the tyre steering torque generation, which helps to understand the speed-dependent tyre steering torque, tyre road feeling and EPS calibration.     

Practicability study on the suitability of artificial,neural networks for the approximation of unknown steering torques

For steer-by-wire systems, the steering feedback must be generated artificially due to the system characteristics. Classical control concepts require operating-point driven optimisations as well as increased calibration efforts in order to adequately simulate the steering torque in all driving states. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are an innovative control concept; they are capable of learning arbitrary non-linear correlations without complex knowledge of physical dependencies. The present study investigates the suitability of neural networks for approximating unknown steering torques. To ensure robust processing of arbitrary data, network training with a sufficient volume of training data is required, that represents the relation between the input and target values in a wide range. The data were recorded in the course of various test drives. In this research, a variety of network topologies were trained, analysed and evaluated. Though the fundamental suitability of ANNs for the present control task was demonstrated.     

电网畸变条件下的功率变换器并网同步法

本文研究一种在电网畸变条件下的功率变换器并网同步法,该方法为MSOGI-FLL,MSOGI构成的谐波解耦网络可以滤除谐波并检测出基波正负序分量,FLL可以动态跟踪电网频率。本文分析MSOGI-FLL的性能,并与DSOGI-FLL进行对比。最后,利用MATLAB仿真软件对这两种算法进行仿真验证,仿真结果验证MSOGI-FLL的性能。     

基于MATLAB的矩阵变换器空间矢量调制策略仿真

首先简述了交一交矩阵变换器的工作原理及调制策略,然后分析了空间矢量调制策略的算法实现,着重讨论了矩阵变换器的建模与仿真．在此基础上建立了基于MATLAB的矩阵变换器仿真模型,并给出了仿真波形．仿真结果验证了模型及控制策略的正确性．     

脉冲转换排气系统三维非定常流动计算研究

对大功率8缸柴油机采用的脉冲转换排气系统进行了三维非定常流动计算,针对发动机实际排气管形状,计算物理模型采用多面体网格单元,排气管进口边界条件采用简化的用于一维性能计算的质量流量条件,湍流模型采用标准kε-模型。结合对排气管开启、关闭时刻点以及排气最大流量点的分析,探讨了脉冲转换排气系统的流动机理。     

稀土三元催化转化器结构设计及试验研究

根据催化转化器结构及其内部气体流速分布影响分析,采用维托辛斯基五次方曲线对催化转化器入口扩张管结构进行设计。对不同扩张管结构的催化转化器进行了冷态流速分布试验及发动机台架性能试验,试验结果表明,改进的催化转化器能够改善其内部气流分布,进而能够提高催化转化器的转化效率。     

边界元法在液力变矩器内流场中的应用

本文建立了适用于液力变拒器导轮叶栅内流场流动状态的边界元法计算 模型和计算程序,利用激光测速仪获取边界条件,从而得到了导轮叶松 内部二维速度场。此外,通过与实测值比较,检验了程序的精度。      

Experimental investigation on scour development and scour protection for offshore converter platform

Local scour around the offshore converter platform caused by current and wave will lead to the instability of foundation. A series of experiments are performed to investigate the scour development and scour protection of the offshore converter platform. The development and evolution characteristics of the local scour around the gravity based structure foundation under the actions of current flow and wave are analyzed. The results show that the edge scour mainly occurs at the lateral sides of the platform and the scour pits are symmetrical about the centerline of the platform in the streamwise flow direction. The scour depth around the gravity based structure increases with the increase of flow velocity. The inclination and collapse of the platform is observed at α = 90° and U₀ = 0.25 m/s. The sand ripples are observed around the gravity based structure under the wave action, and the scour depth increases with the increase of wave height and wave period. Based on the comparisons of different scour protection methods, the combined bionic grass-geotextile-riprap protection has the best scour protection efficiency for the offshore converter platform.     

美国加州最新排放标准介绍及国产通用小型汽油机面临的挑战

介绍美国加州最新颁布的排放标准,进而结合国产小型通用汽油机的排放现状统计,指出了国产小型通用汽油机产品排放存在的差距及面临的挑战。