公路桥梁维修加固技术经济评价方法研究

在桥梁维修加固实施过程中,不可避免的涉及到其经济合理性问题,目前还未有较为成熟和系统的方法,对桥梁维修加固的经济合理性进行评价。本文结合桥梁维修加固涉及到的宏观和微观方面,提出了一种新的评价方法,用以判断桥梁维修加固的经济合理性。     

沥青路面破损程度分级与破损换算系数取值的探讨

本文分析现行规范中对沥青路面破损程度、密度分级以及破损换算系数取值中存在问题,通过分析沥青路面破损程度与路面使用状况关系,结合沥青路面养护措施,提出沥青路面裂缝破损密度分级的方法,并对车辙破损严重程度分级标准、裂缝和车辙破损换算系数的修正值提出建议。     

多孔材料垂直渗透系数测定装置的研究

在对渗透系数影响因素的分析研究基础上,针对原有渗透仪在侧漏、低水头下测量困难等缺点,就测压管位置、测压管直径、测量用水及试件尺寸方面规范化多孔渗透系数测定仪。为减少试件表面附着的气泡,采用抽真空后,而不采用分层浸泡的方法。最后就渗透测定仪装置提出几条改进建议:用充气气囊代替柔性侧壁,用差压计代替微压计。实践证明本仪器使用稳定,数据重复性高。     

挂篮底模纵梁受力简化计算方法及承重分配系数

以一桥梁施工工程实例为依托,采用有限元软件ANSYS对桥梁悬臂施工中使用的菱形挂篮进行仿真分析.提出3种简化模式计算底模纵梁的承重分配,对比发现将底模纵梁承受的外荷载简化为集中荷载,并分配至挂篮下前后横梁的方法是最优简化计算方法.在此基础上对挂篮底模纵梁承重分配系数进行优化,从而简化了繁琐的挂篮底模纵梁受力分析计算,保证了挂篮结构设计和施工的安全.     

Tuning of transfer functions for analysis of wave–ship interactions

Transfer functions are often used together with a wave spectrum for analysis of wave–ship interactions, where one application addresses the prediction of wave-induced motions or other types of global responses. This paper presents a simple and practical method which can be used to tune the transfer function of such responses to facilitate improved prediction capability. The input to the method consists of a measured response, i.e. time series sequences from a given sensor, the 2D wave spectrum characterising the seaway in which the measurements are taken, and an initial estimate of the transfer function for the response in study. The paper presents results obtained using data from an in-service container ship. The 2D wave spectra are taken from the ERA5 database, while the transfer function is computed by a simple closed-form expression. The paper shows that the application of the tuned transfer function leads to predictions which are significantly improved compared to using the transfer function without tuning.     

地铁道岔尖轨线型复核及矫正

地铁道岔尖轨是道岔实现转换功能的主要部件之一，尖轨线型不良不仅使列车产生晃动，也会影响与基本轨的正常靠贴和自由状态平面位置。尖轨与基本轨靠贴时存在离缝、卡阻和尖轨原始位置不准，会使尖轨失去稳定刚度和增大道岔锁闭“框动”、转换动力以及出现转换反弹现象，继而恶化通号转辙设备的工况，影响道岔的正常使用。由此，轨道专业人士应高度重视尖轨的线型控制。在实践的基础上，认真分析尖轨从生产制造、运输、存放、上道使用过程中线型发生不良变化的成因，提出相应对策措施；并介绍尖轨线型的检测复核和矫正手段。其中，首次倡导“一弦矢距法”检测复核整根尖轨线型的现状，特别针对曲线型尖轨，通过建立数学模型计算得到“一弦”条件下尖轨各检测点理论矢距值，为尖轨上道前进行预矫正提供了依据，这对地铁停运后的有限时间天窗内圆满完成尖轨更换作业意义重大。     

舰船加筋板局部强度评估中的总纵应力折减系数研究

舰船加强筋尺寸的合理确定一直是结构设计中的热点问题。本文综合考虑总纵弯曲应力和局部载荷的相互作用,研究加强筋的许用应力折减系数(C_s)的影响因素与合理取值方法。通过分析加强筋的力学模型、对比不同规范中的C_s取值,以及用非线性有限元软件Abaqus计算一系列加筋板模型,拟合C_s曲线并与规范对比,并验证剖面对称性和局部载荷作用方向对C_s取值的影响方式,丰富了舰船局部强度校核方法的技术背景,为板架设计、舰船三维局部校核程序开发提供借鉴。     

Modeling free-flow speed according to different water depths—From the viewpoint of dynamic hydraulic pressure

In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s²/m⁴). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase.     

城市地下道路分(合)流匝道通风阻力特性

为分析多点进出结构的城市地下道路空气流动特性,以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道为原型,通过现场实测、缩尺模型试验以及CFD软件数值模拟方法,对分(合)匝道通风阻力特性进行了研究,考察了雷诺数、风量比、分岔角度对分(合)流匝道阻力特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:1)主隧道与匝道风量比、主隧道与匝道夹角是影响分(合)流匝道局部阻力系数的关键因素;2)城市地下道路分(合)流匝道局部阻力变化特性,不宜简单套用通风管道的三通构件的参数;3)结合最小二乘法和Matlab软件对计算结果进行多因素回归分析,给出了基于长沙营盘路湘江隧道的分(合)流匝道主隧道和匝道的局部阻力系数关联式。研究结果可为复杂结构城市地下道路通风系统阻力特性分析及通风工程优化设计提供方法参考。     

大断面异形盾构隧道弯矩传递系数原型加载试验研究

由于异形盾构隧道特殊的结构断面型式,管片设计暂无相关规范可循,故基于原型三环管片力学加载试验对异形盾构管片环向接头弯矩传递系数进行研究,研究结果表明:1)随埋深增加,异形盾构管片结构整体刚度提升,但由于各接头刚度与相邻管片结构刚度比随埋深增加变化规律不一致,异形盾构管片接头弯矩传递能力呈部分减弱部分增强的现象;2)同埋深条件下,随着侧压力系数的增加,除右拱腰处接头外,其余接头弯矩传递能力随着接头刚度与相邻管片结构刚度比的增大而逐渐增强;3)随着埋深增加,各接头弯矩传递能力对侧压力系数的敏感程度逐渐减弱;4)极限破坏后,异形盾构管片内外弧面裂缝的分布规律证明了明显的弯矩传递现象。