The role of ‘indirect’ greenhouse gas emissions in tourism: Assessing the hidden carbon impacts from a holiday package tour

Tourism is a noticeable contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Existing estimates of tourism’s carbon footprint are however incomplete as they fail to holistically assess the additional, ‘indirect’ carbon requirements. These arise from the non-use phases of a tourism product or service life cycle and can be further magnified by supply chain industries. Under-development of methods for carbon impact assessment in tourism is the primary reason for the omission of ‘indirect’ GHG emissions. This study develops a new approach for comprehensive appraisal of GHG emissions which incorporates and advances the methodological advantages of existing assessment techniques. It tests the applicability of this approach in tourism by conducting a holistic analysis of a standard holiday package to Portugal, based on the British tourism market. The new approach demonstrates the significance of the ‘indirect’ GHG emissions in the total carbon footprint from the holiday package, thus emphasising the necessity for more comprehensive future assessments.     

世界游船业发展新趋势

随着海洋旅游业的发展,游船业成为国际旅游业发展最为迅猛的一块市场,且发展潜力巨大。阐述了世界游船业发展呈现出豪华型、大型化的特征,出现了消费群体年轻化、家庭旅游产品成为新卖点、主题旅游成为热销产品的发展趋势。     

西双版纳普洱茶文化旅游的开发与特色品牌打造

该文介绍了普洱茶文化,指出:普洱茶是西双版纳特有的地方名茶,其美名早已蜚声海内外。对于优先发展旅游业的西双版纳而言,普洱茶是一个独特的旅游资源。因此,借西双版纳这个平台,以普洱茶为品牌,整合西双版纳的旅游资源,加大对西双版纳茶文化旅游的开发力度,为西双版纳的旅游业增添新的内涵。     

赴日、韩考察的几点体会

介绍了作者赴日本、韩国进行专业技术考察的情况 ,谈了几点认识和体会。     

Exploring the influence of built environment on tour-based commuter mode choice: A cross-classified multilevel modeling approach

Understanding travel behavior and its relationship to urban form is vital for the sustainable planning strategies aimed at automobile dependency reduction. The objective of this study is twofold. First, this research provides additional insights to examine the effects of built environment factors measured at both home location and workplace on tour-based mode choice behavior. Second, a cross-classified multilevel probit model using Bayesian approach is employed to accommodate the spatial context in which individuals make travel decisions. Using Washington, D.C. as our study area, the home-based work (Home-work) tour in the AM peak hours is used as the analysis unit. The empirical data was gathered from the Washington-Baltimore Regional Household Travel Survey 2007–2008. For parameter estimation, Bayesian estimation method integrating Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is adopted. Our findings confirmed the important role that the built environment at both home location and work ends plays in affecting commuter mode choice behavior. Meanwhile, a comparison of different model results shows that the cross-classified multilevel probit model offers significant improvements over the traditional probit model. The results are expected to give a better understanding on the relationship between the built environment and commuter mode choice behavior.     

出口伦敦双层旅游观光客车研发

通过研发出口伦敦的双层观光旅游客车,分析英国对双层客车的标准要求,对英国的单车认证有明确的认知,并成功开发出适合英国市场的双层旅游观光客车。     

Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions: additional evidence on the impact of density

Density is a key component in the recent surge of mixed-use neighborhood developments. Empirical research has shown an inconsistent picture on the impact of density. In particular, it is unclear whether it is the density or the variables that go long with density that affect people’s travel behavior. Many existing studies on density neglect confounding factors, for example, residential self-selection, generalized travel cost, accessibility, and access to transit stations. In addition, most still use a single trip as their observation unit, even though trip chaining is well recognized. The goal of this paper is to assess the role of density in affecting mode choice decisions in home-based work tours, while controlling for confounding factors. Using the dataset collected in the New York Metropolitan Region, we estimated a simultaneous two-equation system comprising two mutually interacting dependent variables: car ownership and the propensity to use auto. The results confirm the role of density after controlling for the confounding factors; in particular, employment density at work exerts more influence than residential density at home. The study also demonstrates the importance of using tour as the analysis unit in mode choice decisions. The study advances the field by analyzing the role of the built environment on home-based work tours. New knowledge is obtained in the relative contribution of density vs. a set of correlated factors, including generalized travel cost, accessibility, and access to transit stations.

An investigation of tour generation models combining two waves of household travel surveys through pooled models

This paper presents a study that examines two waves of travel survey data through a pooled model structure. The pooled model structure provides a means to take advantage of multiple data sources which will lead to a better estimate and understanding of travel behavior. In particular, it accounts for the difference in data variance and therefore allows for the comparison of the true impacts of the model parameters on travelers’ tour-making behavior. Larger variance is found in the 1998 data than in the 2010 data. Comparison between model parameters reveals significant behavioral changes among several socio-economic and demographic groups. In terms of common variables, the magnitude of the coefficient values has generally decreased, which conforms to the overall decreasing trend in traveling. Overall, the model equality tests indicate that the models developed based on the two data sources do not have equal taste parameters, thus the transferability hypothesis is rejected. The results of this study are expected to have implications for the application of models based on cross-sectional data, especially over long time periods.     

地铁线路便携式GPS巡检仪的研制

应用先进的GPS定位技术和PSoC微控制器,配合自主开发的软件系统,研制出便携式GPS巡检仪,实现了地铁设备及线路巡检的定位、数据实时处理等功能。介绍了该巡检仪的硬件结构和软件设计,硬件结构主要由信号接收和处理两部分组成;软件设计主要实现键盘扫描,与GPS接收模块、液晶显示模块和计算机的通信,以及记录数据的存储等。     

多方式交通信息下节假日活动链重构机理研究

多方式交通信息是影响节假日出行重构规律的重要因素.本文以节假日活动链为研究对象,基于分层决策理论探究多方式交通信息下节假日活动链的重构机理.利用 2012 年节假日出行行为调查数据,综合考虑出行者个人属性、信息属性及活动-出行行为的历史依赖性,构建了基于节假日活动链重构机理的结构方程模型.研究结果表明：多方式交通信息对节假日活动和出行行为有显著的负效应,出行者受信息影响越大,活动链的时空复杂性和结构复杂性越低.在多方式交通信息的作用下,节假日活动链的重构方向并不是随机变化的,而是在一定程度上依赖于过去的行为习惯,并朝着与之相关的方向发展.