基于站点取消与合并原理的公交站距优化方法

通过公交站距优化可以缩短单程公交线路公交车的运行时间,提高公交服务水平.以公共汽车客运能力和最优平均站距为站距优化的定量指标,以客流需求量及站距选取两方面相结合作为站距优化时站点合并或取消的依据,得出以距离为分配原则的客流需求量分配模型方法.最后以长春市265公交车为例进行案例分析,得出该优化原理节省了乘客乘车的时间,...     

Long-term correlation structure of wave loads using simulation

This paper proposes a new method for combining the lifetime wave-induced sectional forces and moments that are acting on the ship structure. The method is based on load simulation and can be used to determine the exceedance probabilities of any linear and nonlinear long-term load combination. It can also be used to determine the long-term correlation structure between these loads in the form of the long-term correlation coefficients. They are essential part of the load combination procedures in design and strength evaluations as well as in the fatigue and reliability analysis of ship structures.The simulation method treats the non-stationary wave elevations during the ship’s entire life (long-term) as a sequence of different stationary Gaussian stochastic processes. It uses the rejection sampling technique for the sea state generation, depending on the ship’s current position and the season. Ship’s operational profile is then determined conditional on the current sea state and the ship’s position along its route. The sampling technique significantly reduces the number of sea state-operational profile combinations required for achieving the convergence of the long-term statistical properties of the loads. This technique can even be used in combination with the existing long-term methods in order to reduce the number of required weightings of the short-term CDFs. The simulation method does, however, rely on the assumption that the ship is a linear system, but no assumptions are needed regarding the short-term CDF of the load peaks.The load time series are simulated from the load spectra in each sea state, taking into account the effects of loading condition, heading, speed, seasonality, voluntary as well as involuntary speed reduction in severe sea states and the short-crested nature of the ocean waves. During the simulation procedure, special care has been given to maintaining the correct phase relation between all the loads. Therefore, time series of various load combinations, including the nonlinear ones, can be obtained and their correlation structure examined. The simulation time can be significantly reduced (to the order of minutes rather than hours and days) by introducing the seasonal variations of the ocean waves into a single voyage simulation. The estimate of the long-term correlation coefficient, obtained by simulating only a single voyage with the correct representation of seasonality, approaches the true correlation coefficient in probability. This method can be applied to any ship and any route, or multiple routes as long as the percentage of the ship’s total lifetime spent in each of them is known.A study has been conducted to investigate the effects of ship type, route and the longitudinal position of the loads on the values of the correlation coefficients between six different sectional loads; vertical, horizontal and twisting moments, as well as shear, horizontal and axial forces. Three ocean-going ship types have been considered; bulk carrier, containership and tanker, all navigating on one of the three busy ship routes; North America-Europe, Asia-North America and Asia-Europe. Finally, the correlation coefficient estimates have been calculated for five different positions along the ship’s length to investigate the longitudinal variation of the correlation coefficient.     

码头堆场排水系统的设计及应用

盐田港码头堆场地面雨水排水系统根据堆场基础结构层的特性,采用美力排水组合系统设计。该组合技术将积滞在基层结构上部水分迅速排出,贫混凝土顶面基层保护层封层的设置,有效减缓基础结构层水危害现象的发生,有助改善基层的整体水温稳定性,具有较好的板体性能,保持贫混凝土结构基层有足够的强度和刚度及使用性能。     

西江长洲水利枢纽3号和4号船闸总体设计

长洲3号、4号船闸为目前我国闸室平面尺度最大、采用相互灌泄水的省水船闸,与已建1号、2号船闸同岸并列布置。本文介绍了3号、4号船闸平面布置方案。对比了闸底长廊道侧支孔输水系统方案和单侧闸墙长廊道闸底横支廊道输水系统,给出了输水系统的推荐方案。通过物理模型试验,分析了引航道水流条件。通过对未来过闸船舶的组成进行预测,计算了不同水平年船闸的通过能力。采用计算机仿真模拟技术,对四线船闸联合调度方案进行了研究。     

灰色马尔科夫组合模型对结构剩余寿命预测的研究

灰色马尔科夫组合模型是将灰色GM（1,1）模型与马尔科夫链有机地结合起来,利用各自优点并充分考虑大型结构整体变化趋势和局部波动的情况。通过对某桥梁结构的损伤系数进行预测分析并与GM（1,1）预测结果进行对比,该方法解决了GM（1,1）模型对波动性较大数据拟合较差,预测精度较低的缺陷。     

货运代理实务实践教学过程与企业生产过程对接的研究

货运代理课程是国航、物流、港管和集运专业的专业实践课程.根据工学结合的理念和产学结合专业人才培养模式的要求,对于课程的相关教学内容进行改革,与货代企业生产过程相对接,强化工学结合,加强实习实训环节,制定与企业生产过程相对接的课程实践教学内容,最大限度缩短所学专业知识与企业生产实际之间的距离,提高课程教学效果,培养符合货运代理行业要求的专门人才.     

“三维融合、三层实训”的实践教学模式研究——以城市轨道交通运营管理专业为例

文中针对当前城市轨道交通运营管理专业实践教学的现状及问题,提出了城市轨道交通运营管理专业“三维融合、三层实训”的实践教学模式和模式实施的实践条件保障建议,为当前开办该专业的中职、高职学校更好的开展实践教学提供借鉴。     

非结构性车辙处治的就地热再生工艺及设备组合研究

在分析传统方法处治非结构性车辙弊端的基础上,研究就地热再生技术的车辙处治原理,并依托新疆S301线某段道路大中修工程,对就地热再生技术处治非结构性车辙的工艺和设备组合进行了研究.结果表明,具有针对性的就地热再生工艺和设备组合可有效消除非结构性车辙病害,施工后的持续观测表明,车辙处治效果优良.     

基于双层连通性检测的路面裂缝图像识别算法

针对路面裂缝图像识别结果容易存在孤立噪声和断续边缘的情况,提出了基于像素-裂缝子块双层连通性检测的图像自动识别算法,主要有4个部分:(1)基于自适应灰度拉伸的图像增强算法;(2)基于自适应大津法和八方向Sobel梯度信息的组合分割算法;(3)基于连通性检测的二值图像去噪算法;(4) 32×32裂缝子块识别和优化连接算法.然后,对5张3056×2048的路面破损图片进行裂缝识别,结果显示,该算法从像素和裂缝子块这2个层次进行连通性增强处理,可获得完整而连续的裂缝图像.最后,针对10张512×512的路面破损图片,对全局OTSU分割、八方向Sobel检测、Canny检测和本文算法进行测试,各算法综合性能指标F1值依次为62.46％、23.84％、10.45％和88.30％,准确率依次为83.45％,27.82％,17.83％和86.60％,召回率依次为56.89％,21.83％,8.89％和90.68％,体现了本文算法的优越性.     

一种重型汽车刮水控制系统及电机控制方法

目前,国内重型汽车刮水系统中的电机大都由组合开关上的刮水开关直接控制,电机经由线束和刮水开关形成"刹车"回路,实现电机的回位,电机"刹车"时产生的大电流极易在组合开关的触点间产生拉弧并烧蚀触点,故使组合开关的故障率居高不下。在满足电机正常控制的前提下,降低组合开关的故障率,本文介绍一种控制信号与驱动信号相分离且刮水器采用摩擦消耗来停车的刮水控制系统及电机控制方法。