武汉市过长江交通流量特征分析

武汉市过长江交通是武汉市最主要的交通流向之一。根据流量观测数据分析长江交通流量特征,表明武汉市区过长江交通饱和,交通需求总量大,出行目的种类多。过长江交通没有明显、固定的高峰日和高峰小时,除通勤交通外。还有公务等大量非通勤交通。其中武昌与汉口之间交通是主流向,需要适当新增通道缓解过江难问题。     

二维水翼非定常空泡流数值模拟

对非稳态空泡流现象的研究已成为当今一个研究重点。空泡非稳态脱落及其内部流动结构越来越受到研究人员的关注,但对其研究目前仍主要依靠实验手段。发展有效的数值模拟方法研究相关的机理具有重要的意义。本文从RANS方程入手,采用状态方程空化模型和计及可压缩性的SIMPLEC算法,实现了二维水翼CAV2003非定常空泡流动的数值模拟。研究了空泡从初生、发展、断裂,以及最终空泡在下游高压区溃灭的整个过程。计算表明,回射流并非完全液相的,而是汽液两相的。近壁面的回射流是导致空泡脱落的主要原因。最后,通过与第五届国际空泡会议上发表的7篇文献的对比,发现本文的计算结果是合理的。     

m阶非齐次马氏信源的一类Shannon-Mcmillan定理

采用构造相容分布与非负上鞅的方法研究了m阶马氏信源相对熵密度的强极限定理,由此得出若干马氏信源、无记忆信源的随机Shannon-Mcmillan定理.并将已有的马氏信源的结果加以推广.     

影响标准贯入（SPT）击数因素浅析

通过分析某涉外跨海大桥工程地质勘察中的标贯SPT击数差异问题,发现钻孔直径、钻探工艺、标贯头刃口尺寸和泥浆浓度的差异等显著影响砂性地层中的SPT击数。特别是小口径套管下到钻孔底部限制了土体的变形,进而影响了SPT测试结果;泥浆浓度过低将不足以将孔底残渣特别是颗粒较大的砂砾携带出钻孔等。这些因素的累计导致了两家勘察公司N值出现了较大的差异。文中对跨海大桥的勘察管理提出了一些建议,通过采取有效措施,使同一土层的N值基本一致,对加强勘察资料的可信度和实用性具有参考价值。     

浅谈城市公共交通存在的问题及建议——以兰州市为例

目前,城市公共交通中存在很多问题,单纯依靠道路建设和交通管理来扩大路网供应能力不能解决交通拥挤问题,交通需求总是趋于超过道路供给。如果没有有效的措施来抑制个体交通的拥有和使用,将导致城市交通的全面恶化。因此,在完善道路网络的同时,必须尽快建立有竞争力的公共交通体系,支持城市的可持续发展。     

浅谈当前交调工作意义与存在的问题

交调工作是公路规划、建设的重要基础工作,详细地分析了交调工作的意义及河北省开展现状及存在的问题,并提出相应建议。     

In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate safety indicators

Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more frequently, making such incidents easier to analyse. This article provides an overview of existing surrogate indicators and specifically focuses on their merit for the analyses of vulnerable road users and the extent to which they have been validated by previous research. Each indicator is evaluated based on its ability to consider the collision risk, which can be further divided into the initial conditions of an event, the magnitude of any evasive action and the injury risk in any traffic event. The results show that various indicators and their combinations can reflect different aspects of any traffic event. However, no existing indicator seems to capture all aspects. Various studies have also focused on the validity of different indicators. However, due to the use of diverse approaches to validation, the large difference in how many locations were investigated and variations in the duration of observation at each location, it is difficult to compare and discuss the validity of the different surrogate safety indicators. Since no current indicator can properly reflect all the important aspects underlined in this article, the authors suggest that the choice of a suitable indicator in future surrogate safety studies should be made with considerations of the context-dependent suitability of the respective indicator.     

An integrated framework for embedding large-scale dynamic traffic assignment models in advanced traveler information systems

In recent years, increasing attention has been drawn to the development of various applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which are credited with the amelioration of traffic conditions in urban and regional environments. Advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) constitute an important element of ITS by providing potential travelers with information on the network's current performance both en-route and pre-trip. In order to tackle the complexity of such systems, derived from the difficulty of providing real-time estimations of current as well as forecasts of future traffic conditions, a series of models and algorithms have been initiated. This paper proposes the development of an integrated framework for real-time ATIS and presents its application on a large-scale network, that of Thessaloniki, Greece, concluding with a discussion on development and implementation challenges as well as on the advantages and limitations of such an effort.     

Evaluation of pedestrian crosswalk level of service (LOS) in perspective of type of land-use

In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations.     

公路隧道运营通风横通道周围流场特性研究

为研究公路隧道巷道式运营通风横通道周围的流场特性,以贵州凉风坳隧道为研究背景,利用流体力学研究软件Fluent建立隧道三维模型并进行了数值仿真计算。通过在隧道两边等风速条件下,对隧道内人行横通道以及车行横通道附近的流场特点研究,分析了运营通风横通道周围流场分布的具体特点。模拟结果表明:车行横通道与人行横通道两边流场分布基本相同;横通道内风速相对较小,约为隧道内风速的10%;不同风速下,横通道附近的速度分布和总压分布整体走势一致;两边流场相对稳定,不会进行风流和污染物的串流。