直接优化解析姿态确定方法

基于惯性系的姿态确定方法是近阶段关于动基座姿态确定问题的热点研究方向,分析了惯性系姿态确定方法的误差源产生机理,发现传统的惯性系首先解析出起始姿态阵,继而通过惯性器件量测输出,更新至当前姿态完成姿态确定,这一更新过程不仅加大了计算量,同时会重新引入器件误差和系统误差。因此,针对这一问题提出了一种基于惯性系的瞬时姿态阵解析姿态确定方法。该方法直接解析出当前时刻的姿态阵,避免姿态更新过程中引入误差,充分发挥了优化解析法的优势,对准精度得到大大提高,并利用仿真和实测数据验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于指数函数非线性反馈的船舶航向保持控制

为研究船舶航向保持控制问题,本文以“育鹏”轮为研究对象,建立了其非线性Nomoto船舶模型,设计了基于闭环增益成形算法的指数函数非线性反馈控制器,并以“育鹏”轮的非线性模型为被控制对象,用Matlab的Simulink工具箱进行系统仿真研究。系统仿真结果表明,建立的非线性Nomoto数学模型精度良好,设计的控制器进行船舶航向保持控制时效果优异,并且更节能。使用这种方法设计的控制器,可以很好地进行船舶航向保持控制,对今后的船舶运动仿真和控制器的设计具有重要意义。     

潮流泥沙数值模拟在潍坊港规划中的应用

将潮流泥沙数学模型应用于潍坊港总体规划方案比选研究。采用MIKE21软件建立潍坊港二维潮流泥沙数学模型,对总体规划的各项方案进行水流、地形冲淤、航道回淤等方面的数值计算,并进行方案间的比较分析。研究结果表明,各方案工程实施后流场无明显差别,周边地形冲淤变化不大且差别较小;航道回淤是该区域规划方案选择的关键因素,整体发展方案明显优于分离式方案;经多方面考虑离岸岛堤式方案尚不可行。     

客滚码头前沿功能区布置及交通组织仿真优化

以安全事故频发的客滚码头前沿区域作为研究对象,提出通过将该区域进行精细化布置以及合理交通组织的方式,提高码头前沿作业的安全性与便捷性。为获得区域行人密度、在港时间、行走距离及卸船作业时间等评价指标,建立客滚码头前沿作业系统微观仿真模型。并以某客滚码头泊位为例,分析码头前沿功能区布置及交通组织方案对客滚码头前沿作业评价指标的影响,并给出推荐方案。实例证明,客滚码头前沿功能区精细化布置及合理交通组织有利于减少安全事故,并提升前沿作业便捷性。     

宁波-舟山港梅山港区滚装及杂货码头工程设计要点

宁波-舟山港梅山港区滚装及杂货码头工程拟建位置建设条件复杂。采用理论计算和模型试验等方法,对项目选址、码头轴线方位的确定、码头前沿顶高程的确定及水工结构设计等关键技术进行研究,得出的结论可供类似工程参考。     

Spatiotemporal traffic forecasting: review and proposed directions

This paper systematically reviews studies that forecast short-term traffic conditions using spatial dependence between links. We extract and synthesise 130 research papers, considering two perspectives: (1) methodological framework and (2) methods for capturing spatial information. Spatial information boosts the accuracy of prediction, particularly in congested traffic regimes and for longer horizons. Machine learning methods, which have attracted more attention in recent years, outperform the naïve statistical methods such as historical average and exponential smoothing. However, there is no guarantee of superiority when machine learning methods are compared with advanced statistical methods such as spatiotemporal autoregressive integrated moving average. As for the spatial dependency detection, a large gulf exists between the realistic spatial dependence of traffic links on a real network and the studied networks as follows: (1) studies capture spatial dependency of either adjacent or distant upstream and downstream links with the study link, (2) the spatially relevant links are selected either by prejudgment or by correlation-coefficient analysis, and (3) studies develop forecasting methods in a corridor test sample, where all links are connected sequentially together, assume a similarity between the behaviour of both parallel and adjacent links, and overlook the competitive nature of traffic links.     

In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate safety indicators

Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more frequently, making such incidents easier to analyse. This article provides an overview of existing surrogate indicators and specifically focuses on their merit for the analyses of vulnerable road users and the extent to which they have been validated by previous research. Each indicator is evaluated based on its ability to consider the collision risk, which can be further divided into the initial conditions of an event, the magnitude of any evasive action and the injury risk in any traffic event. The results show that various indicators and their combinations can reflect different aspects of any traffic event. However, no existing indicator seems to capture all aspects. Various studies have also focused on the validity of different indicators. However, due to the use of diverse approaches to validation, the large difference in how many locations were investigated and variations in the duration of observation at each location, it is difficult to compare and discuss the validity of the different surrogate safety indicators. Since no current indicator can properly reflect all the important aspects underlined in this article, the authors suggest that the choice of a suitable indicator in future surrogate safety studies should be made with considerations of the context-dependent suitability of the respective indicator.     

Incorporating the extended theory of planned behavior in a school travel mode choice model: a case study of Shaoxing,China

Travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents. Therefore, understanding school travel mode choice behavior is essential to find policy-oriented approaches to optimizing school travel mode share. Recent research suggests that psychological factors of parents play a significant role in school travel mode choice behavior and the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model has been used to test the effect of psychological constructs on mode choice behavior. However, little research has used a systematic framework of behavioral theory to organize these psychological factors and investigate their internal relationships. This paper proposes an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to delve into the psychological factors caused by the effects of adults’ cognition and behavioral habits and explores the factors’ relationship paradigm. A theoretical framework of travel mode choice behavior for students in China is constructed. We established the MIMIC model that accommodates latent variables from ETPB. We found that not all the psychological latent variables have significant effects on school travel mode choice behavior, but habit can play an essential role. The results provide theoretical support for demand policies for school travel.     

A Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy with multiclass network equilibria

This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts.