东营港区航道工程潮流物理模型试验研究

横流是东营港区港口航道建设中面临的关键技术问题之一。针对东营港区进出港航道工程不同防波挡沙堤布置下航道水流条件,采用潮流物理模型试验进行分析研究。结果表明:南、北防波堤形成后,口门航道处流速较大,从改善通航条件的角度出发,修建防波挡沙堤是必要的;防波挡沙潜堤保持相同的坡度,堤头分别修建至-12 m和-14 m时,口门航道水流流速逐步减小,口门横流也随之减小;随着防波挡沙堤堤顶高程增大,堤头挑流流速会有一定程度的增加;潜堤堤头建至-14 m等深线处、堤顶高程在-8 m左右是适宜的。     

基于偏最小二乘回归的疏浚产量预测方法

针对绞吸式挖泥船产量预测困难的问题,对挖泥船作业实时反馈的数据进行研究。利用Relief权重算法提取出影响挖泥船产量的主要工艺参量,并在此基础上采用偏最小二乘回归,建立主要工艺参量与产量之间的数学模型,实现对挖泥船产量的预测。结果表明,利用偏最小二乘回归建立的数学模型能够很好地对挖泥船的产量进行预测,可为预测挖泥船的产量提供一种有效的方法。     

悬链式单浮箱防波堤水动力特性试验研究

为研究悬链式单浮箱防波堤水动力特性的影响因素,采用二维物理模型试验方法,讨论规则波下相对吃水S/d、相对宽度B/L、锚链刚度k、锚链系泊倾角α等因素改变时浮堤模型的透射系数K_t和锚链上最大拉力F的变化规律。试验分析采用平均波高计算透射系数K_t,以前1/10最大拉力平均值作为最大拉力F。结果表明:相对宽度B/L0. 3时,相对宽度B/L是影响浮箱模型消浪性能的主要因素;相对吃水S/d0. 14时,相对吃水S/d是影响锚链上最大拉力F的主要因素。所得结果可以为悬链式单浮箱防波堤的设计和进一步研究提供参考。     

涌浪条件下斜坡式防波堤堤脚块石稳定性

海外港口工程大部分位于以涌浪为主的海域,防波堤在涌浪作用下的稳定性尚未得到全面认识。对于斜坡堤,除了护面对其稳定性至关重要外,堤脚对其稳定性也很重要。以某一具体港口防波堤工程为例,通过波浪断面和局部整体物理模型试验,对涌浪作用下斜坡堤堤脚块石的稳定性进行了研究。根据试验结果,对比正向和斜向波浪作用下斜坡堤堤脚块石的稳定性结果,重点分析了斜向波浪作用下斜坡堤堤头圆弧段堤脚块石发生破坏的原因及其随入射波浪周期和水位的变化关系,并对原方案堤脚进行了优化。     

双层开孔斜挡板透空式防波堤消浪性能研究

针对一种新型双层开孔斜挡板透空式防波堤消浪性能问题,研究挡板开孔率和挡板倾斜角度对防波堤消浪性能的影响。采用物理模型试验方法,得出其反射和透射系数、波能分布和堤后波幅频谱特征结果。结果表明,斜挡板开孔率越大,防波堤透射系数也越大,但在试验范围内,透射系数均小于0. 5;该类型防波堤对波浪有较好的消能性,对较长周期波以反射为主,较短周期波以消浪室消能为主,整体透射系数较短周期波略大;防波堤设计斜挡板比平挡板透射系数小,具有更好的消浪性能,最小透浪仅为后者的39%。     

基于南方CASS软件的土方量计算方法

威海内海吹填工程主要施工内容是采用吹砂挤淤方式进行吹填,吹填区吹填完成后采用机械压实。在施工过程中须多次对吹填区进行进度测量,涉及土方量的计算频率较高。为保证工程土方量的计算准确,将南方CASS软件的不同土方量计算方法进行对比,并结合工程实际情况分析选择合理的计算方法,从而为工程质量和进度控制提供依据。结果表明,选择合适的计算方法不仅能够准确地计算土方量,还能形象地反映现场的实际情况。     

水下滑翔机器鱼机构设计与运动性能分析

本文设计了一种具有仿生尾鳍的水下滑翔机器人混合驱动机构,通过内部质量块的平移、旋转、仿生尾鳍的偏置以及外部皮囊的伸缩可实现滑翔机器人的小半径三维螺旋运动。同时,建立了水下滑翔机器鱼的水动力学模型,得到了稳态螺旋运动方程,给出了俯仰调节机构质心位置、尾鳍角、横滚调节机构质心旋转角与转弯半径和垂直速度之间的关系,以及每种稳态螺旋运动所对应的输出变量初值的取值范围。所得结果表明,在俯仰调节、浮力调节、横滚调节和尾鳍驱动的共同作用下,水下滑翔机器鱼可以获得更小的转弯半径,因而机动性更好。所设计的水下滑翔机器鱼在河流和湖泊等环境的水质监测、水下柱形区域取样等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

Exploring the issue of integrating logistics and traffic control in urban areas

This paper proposes an optimization framework for urban transportation networks’ (re-)design which explicitly takes into account the specific decision-making processes of ordinary users and logistic operators. Ordinary users are typically commuters whose travels consist of well-defined pairs of origin and destination points, while logistic operators make deliveries at multiple locations. Obviously, these two user classes have different objectives and scopes of action. These differences are seldom considered in traffic research since most models aggregate the flow demand in OD matrices and use assignment models to predict the response of all users as if the dynamics of their optimization processes were of the same nature. This work demonstrates that better results can be achieved if the particular features of each user class are included in the models. It potentially improves the estimation of the responses and allows managers to shape their control measures to address specific user needs.     

快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型研究

快速公交系统停靠站台停车延误是影响快速公交运行车速的关键因素之一,因此构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型是提升快速公交服务水平的基础理论研究。本文选取盐城BRT-1号线的起始站、中途站、客流离散站等三类站点为研究对象,综合运用数理统计法与数据挖掘法,构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型,并对该模型的合理性进行了检验。研究表明:盐城市BRT-1号线三类站台的快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数呈线性关系,即快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数的检验参数R2均大于0.8。     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.