福宁高速公路声环境探讨

通过对福建省福鼎宁德段高速公路声环境现状的调查研究,采用类比分析的方法,确定其沿线所要保护的声环境敏感点,合理科学预测交通噪声对声环境的影响,提出减轻噪声污染的若干措施。     

大体积承台混凝土施工

文章以新寨河特大桥主墩承台施工为例,介绍了大体积混凝土施工的质量控制要点、施工工艺及质量保障措施,并重点讲述了大体积混凝土在施工中,如何预防因温度应力而引起混凝土开裂的温度监测措施。     

沉管隧道地震响应分析

文章采用田村重四郎和冈本舜三提出的沉埋隧道地震响应分析的数学模型,对南京长江越江隧道(沉管段)方案进行了地震响应的纵向受力分析。分析中采用了隧址处100年超越概率为2%的人工合成地震加速度,考虑了不同管段的联结方式和不同的计算参数,对初步设计中沉管段结构的安全性进行了论证,所提供的数据曾为设计单位所采纳[1]。     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

Tractor-semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid-fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor-semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid-fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker's volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker's walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid-fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

高速公路车速与交通安全

从运行车速、超速行驶、速度差以及限速等与车速有关的方面分析了车速与交通安全的关系,得出了相关的结论。     

连续下坡路段交通安全的改善措施

分析运营阶段连续下坡路段事故特征以及存在的突出问题,借鉴国内外典型连续下坡路段安全改造的经验,提出了一系列连续下坡路段的安全改善措施。道路管理部门可以合理运用这些措施,减少交通事故,提高连续下坡路段的安全性能。     

提前右转的科学性论证

分析了十字交叉路口直行车流和右转车流产生交通分流冲突的原因,以及因此而造成的交通事故隐患。为解决这个问题,笔者在借鉴国内外交通冲突技术(TCT)的理论研究成果的基础上,建立了十字路口直行车流和右转车流分流冲突模型,并用北京市火神庙十字路口的调查统计数据对模型进行了验证,从而在理论上证明了"提前右转"对于减少交通冲突,提高交叉路口安全的科学性,对于交叉路口设计和改造具有较强的指导意义。     

钢管混凝土拱桥整体稳定性分析

对某钢管混凝土拱桥不同的稳定性设计方案进行了介绍,利用有限元方法对钢管拱施工、成桥各阶段的整体稳定性进行了空间分析,并讨论了影响整体稳定性的因素,希望通过比选找出最佳的稳定性方案。     

不等时距GM(1,1)模型在预测输气管道腐蚀中的应用

根据等时距GM(1,1)模型建立了不等时距GM(1,1)预测模型,该模型可应用于利用腐蚀指标的原始数据来预测以后的输气管道腐蚀情况。验证表明:不等时距灰色模型扩大了等时距灰色模型的应用范围,在小样本的情况下同样可以做出较准确预测,为输气管道的防腐提供了可靠的依据。