沥青混合料转运车作业质量

论述了传统沥青混凝土路面施工工艺存在的缺陷及其原因,确定了沥青混合料转运车作业质量试验的目的、意义及试验研究的内容和方法,以工程施工实践证明了转运摊铺施工工艺可以有效减少混合料材料离析和温度离析现象,同时能提高铺设成型路面的平整度.     

公路桥梁高承台桩基沉降分析研究

桩基的沉降计算是桩基工程设计不可忽视的关键问题之一。为探讨高承台桩基沉降特性，基于荷载传递法提出一种高承台桩基沉降计算方法，并采用多组不同参数对某高承台群桩的沉降特性进行了比较计算和深入分析，得到了多个影响因素下群桩沉降的变化规律。     

沥青混凝土转运车对提高道路施工质量的试验研究

对道路摊铺过程中采用摊铺机直接摊铺作业和采用徐工AT1000A型转运车与摊铺机联合施工作业的试验路面效果进行了对比,分析了摊铺温度场和骨料摊铺效果.结果证明使用沥青混凝土转运车是提高道路施工质量的有效手段.     

考虑横向漂移的船舶路径跟踪自抗扰控制

针对船舶运动系统中内部动态不确定和外部干扰等问题,进行了欠驱动船舶路径跟踪的自抗扰方法研究。利用Backstepping设计参考航向角,并通过线性扩张状态观测器对流干扰和横向运动引起的横向漂移进行估计。其次,根据自抗扰算法对航向进行控制,采用线性扩张状态观测器对外界干扰及内部不确定项进行估计。最后仿真结果表明,在风流干扰下所设计的控制器仍能使船准确地跟踪上参考路径,验证了所提控制方案的有效性。     

The symbolism of ‘eco cars’ across national cultures: Potential implications for policy formulation and transfer

Transport choices are not merely practical decisions but steeped in cultural and societal perceptions. Understanding these latent drivers of behaviour will allow countries to develop and import policies to more successfully promote sustainable transport. Transport symbolism – what people believe their ownership or use of a mode connotes to others about their societal position – has been shown to be one such, non-trivial, hidden motivator. In the case of hybrid and electric cars (‘eco cars’), studies have demonstrated how their symbolic value varies within a society among different social groups. As yet, however, there has been scant research into comparing how the symbolism of a mode varies across national cultures, horizontally, between individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Through qualitative thematic analysis, this study utilises two of Hofstede’s cross-cultural indices – power differential and individualism versus collectivism – to develop and strengthen theory on how the differing symbolism of eco cars currently varies between four cultural clusters – Anglo, Nordic, Confucian and South Asian. It also deliberates how observed symbolic qualitative differences may influence an individual or group choice to procure eco cars. Finally, it discusses how policy development, transfer and marketing, within the context of eco cars, may need to be modified by national governments, in the Confucian and South Asian cultures, so as to encourage uptake and modal shift.     

Labview应用程序开发中使用支持文件相对路径的有关问题

用Labview开发涉及支持文件读写的应用程序时,常会出现调试正常而可执行文件运行时找不到支持文件路径的错误。基于一简单示例,分析了产生此问题的原因并提供了解决问题的思路。     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.     

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研究了高峰时段列车运行的衔接协调对换乘站候车客流量的优化问题。首先分析了换乘站各站台候车客流的组成因素,确定出各运行方向的换乘站台内客流量随时间变化的规律。然后,以时段内换乘站候车客流量的最大值最小为目标,建立优化模型。模型以站台最大可容纳候车人数为约束条件,以各方向列车在换乘站的到达时刻为调整对象,实现了高峰时段换乘站内聚集客流的优化。最后,针对验证案例,设计了遗传算法进行求解,得出了协调较优解,并给出与较劣解的对比分析。结果表明,该优化方法能够有效降低换乘站内的候车客流人数,可为网络化的优化协调工作提供参考。     

飞机防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度

分析了常见的3种飞机防冰腔结构,应用Gambit软件建立了双蒙皮防冰腔结构网格模型。采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型模拟热气在防冰腔内的流动状况,采用Fluent软件进行传热效率分析,建立了防冰腔结构参数对传热效率的重要性测度模型。通过随机响应面法建立防冰腔结构参数与传热效率的函数关系,采用低分散性抽样法求解防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度,建立了防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度分析流程。分析结果表明:当笛形管中心到外蒙皮的距离从35.15mm增加到38.85mm时,传热系数由0.505减小到0.463;当双蒙皮通道高度从2.85mm增加到3.15mm时,传热系数由0.495减小到0.476;当射流孔孔径从1.90mm增加到2.10mm时,传热系数从0.505减小到0.494;当射流孔角度从14.25°增加到15.75°时,传热系数从0.476增加到0.494。防冰腔结构参数的重要性排序依次为射流孔角度、笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离、射流孔孔径、双蒙皮通道高度,在防冰腔结构加工与装配过程中,需要重点考虑射流孔角度与笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离这2个参数。     

Er~(3+)及Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂YBa_3B_9O_(18)材料的发光性能

通过高温固相烧结法制备了Er3+掺杂以及Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂YBa3B9O18荧光粉.X射线衍射结果表明,Er3+/Yb3+的掺杂并没有改变基质的六方结构.应用325 nm激光激发Er3+掺杂YBa3B9O18,观察到了Er3+离子的特征发射峰,证明了Er3+离子与基质间的能量传递.应用980 nm激光分别激发Er3+掺杂以及Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂YBa3B9O18荧光粉,观测到了Er3+离子的上转换过程,该过程可通过能级图进行解释.实验结果表明Yb3+对Er3+的上转换发光有敏化作用.