柏林市亚历山大广场枢纽站剖析

剖析柏林市亚历山大广场交通枢纽,从中发现对我国城市交通枢纽建设有益的经验和启示.介绍了该枢纽形成的历史过程及背景,反映该枢纽在柏林城市交通网中的地位与作用;分析了该枢纽的布局结构,及其功能特点和换乘关系,并分析了枢纽运营管理的特点;综合分析结果,得出了改善我国城市交通枢纽规划设计的启示.     

个人快速交通技术发展现状与应用展望

个人快速交通将进入商业化运营.对个人快速交通的发展历程、类型与技术经济特征进行了较为系统的论述.依据其目前实施情况,给出了可能的应用方向.个人快速交通较适合在下列场合使用:特定场所(如机场、高档开发区等),都市繁华区域短距离联系,市郊有较高活力的区域.为我国城市交通选型提供借鉴.     

北京市政公交一卡通使用现状及改进策略研究

本文分析了北京市政公交一卡通使用过程中的优越性和存在的问题;介绍了上海、香港使用一卡通的成功之处;结合北京市的市情和交通现状,针对北京市公交一卡通存在的问题,提出了培养市民刷卡文化、完善管理制度、强化售后服务、优化公交站台和线路设置、实现一卡互通、异地互联互通等建议.     

公共交通客运枢纽设计评价方法

公交客运枢纽是城市一体化交通系统的关键环节,目前国内在枢纽的设计和建设方面还存在诸多不足,科学合理地对枢纽设计方案进行评价显得尤为重要.本文从分析公交客运枢纽的设计原则和流程入手,讨论了公交客运枢纽设计方案的综合评价指标体系的确立,以及相关指标的量化,最后讨论采用灰色关联度的方法对方案进行评价.     

基于综合交通枢纽的现代服务业集聚区建设的系统分析

现代服务业集聚区与综合交通枢纽共生共荣.介绍了综合交通枢纽对现代服务业集聚区发展的影响的相关理论,总结国内外依托综合交通枢纽合理规划现代服务业集聚区的一些成功经验,分析了综合枢纽的客流特点.从客流总量预测及客流组成特点,分析了基于上海虹桥综合交通枢纽的现代服务业集聚区建设.     

Exploring the issue of integrating logistics and traffic control in urban areas

This paper proposes an optimization framework for urban transportation networks’ (re-)design which explicitly takes into account the specific decision-making processes of ordinary users and logistic operators. Ordinary users are typically commuters whose travels consist of well-defined pairs of origin and destination points, while logistic operators make deliveries at multiple locations. Obviously, these two user classes have different objectives and scopes of action. These differences are seldom considered in traffic research since most models aggregate the flow demand in OD matrices and use assignment models to predict the response of all users as if the dynamics of their optimization processes were of the same nature. This work demonstrates that better results can be achieved if the particular features of each user class are included in the models. It potentially improves the estimation of the responses and allows managers to shape their control measures to address specific user needs.     

A new generalized travel cost based connectivity metric applied to Scandinavian airports

This article proposes a new, generalized travel cost based method to operationalize network accessibility provided by airports. The approach is novel as it integrates features of network topology with multiple quality aspects of scheduled air transport services into one metric. The method estimates generalized travel costs for the full set of feasible travel paths between an airport and all network destinations. Rooftop modeling accounts for schedule delay and isolates the most cost-efficient travel paths per O-D relation. Respecting the assumed arrival time preference of passengers and adjusting for destination importance, connectivity scores are derived. The method is then applied to explore changes in the global connectivity pattern of Scandinavian airports from 2004 to 2018. The results suggest distinct spatial differences throughout the network, but less pronounced in size than suggested by popularly applied connectivity measures. Findings also highlight the importance of the geographical location as a determinate of an airport’s connectivity.     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

基于空间数据模型的产业集聚发展分析

产业集聚战略已成为我国各级地方政府发展经济的一项重要政策措施.以空间统计为主要研究方法,应用格点数据模型,对地方产业集聚现象进行研究分析,可以有效了解当地经济发展状况,合理规划地区经济发展方向.